Effects of Hydrogen on Kinetic Processes in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals

地球上一个主要的储水池是矿物中的水，我们通常认为这些矿物是无水的。这些矿物包括橄榄石、石榴石和辉石。这种水通常以羟基（OH）的形式结合。它对地质世界中的各种过程都有重要影响，在地球深部可能特别重要。该项目是一组研究人员先前工作的延续，该研究小组已经研究这些矿物超过二十年，现在专注于使用二次离子质谱（西姆斯）结合红外（IR）光谱来量化这些阶段中的氢浓度。建议应用这种技术来研究有关的过程中氢的运输及其对动力学过程的影响，在地球的地幔。拟议的计划将分为校准工作，测量氢在重要的上地幔矿物橄榄石中的扩散过程，研究人员目前接受的观点是，名义上，矿物中结合水的体积等于或大于地球海洋中所有的水。认为无水。这些水是陆地水循环中的重要水库，是驱动地幔过程的挥发物来源，也是影响宿主物理和化学性质的媒介，如扩散，辐射稳定性，颜色，介电常数和熔化。本文的研究将拓宽我们对微量含水组分在固体材料性质中所起重要作用的认识。它将提高该实验室的能力，为使用这些设施分析氢气的一系列访问者提供服务。此外，社区将受益于我们为矿物中氢的西姆斯分析开发的新标准，这些标准将与其他实验室共享。矿物中的微量结合水也存在于我们技术世界的各种合成产品中，例如半导体支撑体、光学晶体、纤维和振荡器晶体。在许多这些主机中，微量组分在确定材料的性质方面起着重要作用。用于研究矿物的分析方法直接影响到合成技术产品的研究。

A major reservoir of water within our planet is the water bound in minerals that we would nominally consider to be anhydrous. Such minerals include olivine, garnets and pyroxenes. This water is most commonly bound in the form of hydroxyl (OH) groups. It has an important influence on a wide variety of processes in the geological world, and may be particularly important in the deep earth. This project follows on previous work by a team of researchers that has been studying these minerals for over two decades and is now focusing on an effort to use secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) in combination with infrared (IR) spectroscopy to quantify hydrogen concentrations in these phases. It is proposed to apply this technique to study processes relevant to hydrogen transport and its effects on kinetic processes in the Earth's mantle. The proposed program will be divided into a calibration effort, the measurement of the diffusion processes of hydrogen in the important upper mantle mineral olivine, and the characterization of minute inclusions of water that result from the gradual loss of bound water from its mineral host.Researchers currently accept that a volume of water equal to or greater than all the water in the oceans of our planet is bound in minerals nominally considered anhydrous. This water is an important reservoir in the terrestrial water cycle, a source of volatiles that drives processes in the mantle, and an agent that impacts physical and chemical properties of the host such as diffusion, radiation stability, color, dielectric constant, and melting. The research proposed here will broaden our understanding of the important roles trace amounts of hydrous components play in the properties of solid materials. It will improve the ability of this laboratory to offer its services to a range of visitors who come to analyze hydrogen using these facilities. Furthermore, the community will benefit from our development of new standards for SIMS analysis of hydrogen in minerals, which will be shared with other labs. Traces of bound water in minerals also occur in a variety of synthetic products of our technological world such as semiconductor supports, optical crystals, fibers, and oscillator crystals. In many of these hosts, the trace components play a major role in determining the properties of the material. Analytical methods used to study minerals have a direct carry-over to the study of synthetic technological products.