Effects of Hydrogen on Kinetic Processes in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals

在我们的星球上，水的主要储藏库是我们名义上认为是无水的矿物中的水。这些矿物包括橄榄石、石榴石和辉石。这种水通常以羟基（OH）的形式结合。它对地质世界的各种过程都有重要的影响，在地球深部可能尤其重要。这个项目是在一个研究小组之前的工作的基础上进行的，他们已经研究了这些矿物质20多年，现在专注于使用二次离子质谱（SIMS）结合红外（IR）光谱来量化这些相中的氢浓度。建议将该技术应用于研究氢输运过程及其对地幔动力学过程的影响。拟议的计划将分为校准工作，测量氢在重要的上地幔矿物橄榄石中的扩散过程，以及表征由于其矿物宿主的束缚水逐渐损失而产生的微小水包裹体。研究人员目前认为，相当于或大于地球上所有海洋中的水的体积是由名义上被认为是无水的矿物质组成的。这些水是陆地水循环中的重要储层，是驱动地幔过程的挥发物的来源，也是影响宿主的物理和化学性质（如扩散、辐射稳定性、颜色、介电常数和熔化）的一种剂。这里提出的研究将扩大我们对微量含水成分在固体材料性质中所起的重要作用的理解。它将提高这个实验室的能力，为前来使用这些设施分析氢的一系列游客提供服务。此外，社区将受益于我们开发的矿物中氢的SIMS分析新标准，这些标准将与其他实验室共享。矿物中痕量的结合水也出现在我们技术世界的各种合成产品中，如半导体支架、光学晶体、纤维和振荡器晶体。在许多这些宿主中，微量成分在决定材料的性质方面起着重要作用。用于研究矿物的分析方法对合成技术产品的研究有直接的影响。

A major reservoir of water within our planet is the water bound in minerals that we would nominally consider to be anhydrous. Such minerals include olivine, garnets and pyroxenes. This water is most commonly bound in the form of hydroxyl (OH) groups. It has an important influence on a wide variety of processes in the geological world, and may be particularly important in the deep earth. This project follows on previous work by a team of researchers that has been studying these minerals for over two decades and is now focusing on an effort to use secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) in combination with infrared (IR) spectroscopy to quantify hydrogen concentrations in these phases. It is proposed to apply this technique to study processes relevant to hydrogen transport and its effects on kinetic processes in the Earth's mantle. The proposed program will be divided into a calibration effort, the measurement of the diffusion processes of hydrogen in the important upper mantle mineral olivine, and the characterization of minute inclusions of water that result from the gradual loss of bound water from its mineral host.Researchers currently accept that a volume of water equal to or greater than all the water in the oceans of our planet is bound in minerals nominally considered anhydrous. This water is an important reservoir in the terrestrial water cycle, a source of volatiles that drives processes in the mantle, and an agent that impacts physical and chemical properties of the host such as diffusion, radiation stability, color, dielectric constant, and melting. The research proposed here will broaden our understanding of the important roles trace amounts of hydrous components play in the properties of solid materials. It will improve the ability of this laboratory to offer its services to a range of visitors who come to analyze hydrogen using these facilities. Furthermore, the community will benefit from our development of new standards for SIMS analysis of hydrogen in minerals, which will be shared with other labs. Traces of bound water in minerals also occur in a variety of synthetic products of our technological world such as semiconductor supports, optical crystals, fibers, and oscillator crystals. In many of these hosts, the trace components play a major role in determining the properties of the material. Analytical methods used to study minerals have a direct carry-over to the study of synthetic technological products.