Collaborative Research: EAGER: Design, Fabrication, and Performance Evaluation of a Marine Aerosol Generator for Shipboard Deployment

合作研究：EAGER：用于舰载部署的海洋气溶胶发生器的设计、制造和性能评估

• 批准号: 0948240
• 负责人: Jennie Moody
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0948240&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; EAGER; Design; Fabrication

Production of marine aerosols by bursting bubbles at the ocean surface is a major process in the Earth's climate system, with important implications for the physiochemical evolution of the troposphere and feedbacks on upper ocean biogeochemistry. Reliable characterization of marine aerosols is a critical prerequisite for evaluating the nature and magnitude of subsequent physiochemical evolution and feedbacks. However, fresh marine aerosols are rapidly modified via interaction with light and reactive gases and are injected into an atmosphere containing mechanically produced aerosols and associated reaction products from multiple sources and secondary aerosols from nucleation and growth pathways. Consequently, it is extremely difficult to unequivocally deconvolute the physiochemical properties and global significance of nascent marine aerosols based on measurements of ambient aerosols. Several years ago with NSF support, researchers at the SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry and the University of Virginia fabricated, tested, and successfully deployed a novel high-capacity aerosol generator at Bermuda to determine the production, characteristics, and photochemical evolution of nascent marine aerosols over the full relevant size distribution (0.013 to 15 ìm diameter at 80% RH). The logical next step is to deploy a hardened version of the generator on a ship at sea to evaluate the influence of marine organic matter composition and concentration on corresponding physiochemical characteristics and evolution of marine aerosol and the resulting feedbacks on the surface ocean. In this project, the same research team will be joined by colleagues at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography to deploy the generator on a ship. The research objectives are: (1) To construct and lab-test a hardened version of the marine aerosol generator, (2) to deploy and operate the generator on a ship at sea, and (3) To evaluate the representativeness of resulting number size distributions. The original generator will be modified to make it suitable for deployment at sea. It will be deployed in a shelter on the fantail of a medium- to large-size ship of opportunity in the North Atlantic during late spring or early summer 2010. Aerosols will be generated over a range of bubble rates and falling water flow rates from the nozzle. Size-resolved number production fluxes will be quantified over the full size distribution (0.13 to 15 ìm diameter at 80% RH). Broader Impacts: Results will provide a well-characterized capability for evaluating the influences of the surface ocean on the size-resolved composition and flux of primary marine aerosols, the speciation and magnitude of reactive trace gas production via photochemical transformation of marine-derived particulate organic matter, and the related influences of these pathways in the multiphase chemical and physical evolution of the marine air, surface ocean biogeochemistry, and Earth's climate. Consequently, the project will contribute directly to national and international programs investigating the chemical and physical evolution of marine aerosols and their related climatic implications as well as studies on understanding the role of the atmosphere on the upper ocean's biogeochemical dynamics. In particular this technology promises to be relevant to the international and national Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS). The project will also contribute to the education of a student and post doctoral fellow.

海洋表面上的气泡生产是地球气候系统中的一个主要过程，对对流层的物理演变以及对上海生物地球化学的反馈具有重要意义。海洋气溶胶的可靠表征是评估随后的物理进化和反馈的性质和幅度的关键先决条件。然而，新鲜的海洋气溶胶通过与光和反应性气体的相互作用迅速修饰，并将其注入含有机械产生的气溶胶和来自多个来源的机械产生的大气以及来自核和生长途径的二级气溶胶的相关反应产物。因此，基于环境气溶胶的测量值，很难明确地对新生海洋气溶胶的物理特性和全球意义。几年前，在NSF的支持下，纽约州立环境科学与林业学院的研究人员以及弗吉尼亚大学在百慕大制造，测试和成功部署了一种新型的高容量气溶胶生成器，以确定在全部相关尺寸上的新生海洋气溶胶的生产，特征和光化学进化（0.013 to 15 imm diammmms）。合理的下一步是在海上的船上部署硬化版本的生成器，以评估海洋有机物组成的影响，并集中注意相应的生理化学特征和海洋气溶胶的进化以及对地表海洋上产生的反馈。在这个项目中，Scripps海洋学研究所的同事将加入同一研究团队，以将发电机部署在船上。研究目标是：（1）构建和实验测试固化的海洋气溶胶发生器，（2）在海上船上部署和操作发电机，以及（3）评估产生数量大小分布的代表性。原始发电机将进行修改，以使其适合在海上部署。它将在2010年春末或初夏的北大西洋中中型到大型机会船的幻想中部署在避难所中。气雾剂将在气泡速度和喷嘴水流量下降的范围内产生。尺寸分辨的数量生产通量将在整个尺寸分布中进行量化（80％RH时的直径为0.13至15 m）。更广泛的影响：结果将提供良好的能力，以评估表面海洋的影响对原发海洋气溶胶的尺寸分辨成分和通量，通过光化学的颗粒化合物转化的反应性微量气体产生的规范和大小，以及海洋衍生的颗粒物有机物和这些途径在繁殖海洋中的相关途径的相关影响的海洋化学和物理水平化学物质的影响， 气候。因此，该项目将直接为研究海洋气溶胶及其相关杂种含义的化学和物理演变以及了解大气对上海上海洋生物地球化学动力学的作用的研究。特别是，这项技术有望与国际和国家表面海洋下部大气层研究（SOLAS）有关。该项目还将为学生和博士后研究员的教育做出贡献。