HSD: Land-User Interactions and Spatial Externalities in Organic Farming (Upper Midwest, USA) and Agrobiodiversity Production (Bolivia)

HSD：有机农业（美国中西部北部）和农业生物多样性生产（玻利维亚）中的土地使用者相互作用和空间外部性

• 批准号: 0948816
• 负责人: Karl Zimmerer
• 金额: $ 63.55万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-01 至 2013-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0948816&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HSD; Land; User; Interactions; Spatial

Rapid and profound changes in agricultural land use, such as expanded organic farming and the decline of agrobiodiversity production, are leading to increased interest in spatial clustering within diverse agricultural landscapes where neighboring farmers grow the same crops, using the same or similar technological approaches, management techniques, and environment- and resource-related practices. This interdisciplinary research project will examine the dynamics of human-social interactions in the recent changes that involve agriculture, environmental factors and impacts, and economic development by focusing on empirical case studies of organic dairy farming in the Upper Midwest of the U.S. and high-agrobiodiversity maize agriculture in central Bolivia. These dynamics will be examined using the economic and geographical perspective of spatial externalities. Analysis will be centered on farmer-farmer interactions (neighboring and networked) and farmer-institution interactions. The primary research methodologies will be econometrics, microeconomic modeling, spatial statistics, remote sensing, survey analysis, institutional and ethnographic interviews, and analyses of land-use and land-cover change. The major hypotheses on which the investigators will focus is that decentralized farmer decisions to convert to organic methods (Upper Midwest) and to switch from high-agrobiodiversity maize to alfalfa (Bolivia) will tend to create and reinforce land use clustering. The microeconomic foundation for the clustering hypothesis is that both positive and negative spatial externalities affect the magnitude and spatial pattern of agricultural landscape change. This research will develop an original research-and-education approach toward spatial externalities that will offer new and important contributions in the following areas: (1) a microeconomic model of farmer returns under spatial externalities in land use, (2) an econometric analysis of land-use change with strategies to identify the presence and importance of spatial externalities, (3) a method for integrating qualitative research and structured survey data to sharpen the estimates of the direction and magnitude of spatial externalities, and (4) a comparative analysis of land user interactions and their effects on organic dairy farming and agrobiodiversity farming outcomes.The project will enhance fundamental knowledge about the complex ways that farmers interact with each other and with institutions to pursue socially and environmentally desirable goals. The social significance and value of this research is based on the design and development of management policies that require understanding the basic human-social dynamics of spatial interactions in farming systems. Changes in agricultural land use, such as expanded organic farming and the decline of agrobiodiversity production, are leading to heightened interest in spatial clustering within diverse agricultural landscapes where neighboring farmers grow the same crops, using the same or similar technological approaches, management techniques, and environment- and resource-related practices. National, state, and local government agencies and international development, environment, and conservation organizations are all interested in agricultural management policies for both environmental and development purposes. The overall design of this project entails an integrated research-and-education approach with an emphasis on education. Project results will be used to design policies to enhance environmental and economic development outcomes. An award resulting from the FY 2007 NSF-wide competition on Human and Social Dynamics (HSD) supports this project. All NSF directorates and offices are involved in the coordinated management of the HSD competition and the portfolio of HSD awards.

农业土地利用的快速变化，例如扩大的有机农业和农生多样性生产的下降，导致人们使用相同或相似的技术方法，管理技术，以及环境和资源和资源的实践，在各种农业景观中对空间聚类的兴趣增加。 该跨学科研究项目将在涉及农业，环境因素和影响以及经济发展的最新变化中研究人类社会相互作用的动态，通过关注美国中西部上西部和高级果皮属跨玻利维利亚中西部地区有机乳制品农业的经验案例研究。 这些动态将使用空间外部性的经济和地理观点进行检查。 分析将集中于农民农民互动（相邻和网络）和农民机构互动。 主要的研究方法将是计量经济学，微观经济建模，空间统计，遥感，调查分析，机构和人种学访谈以及土地使用和土地覆盖变化的分析。 研究人员将重点关注的主要假设是，分散的农民决定转化为有机方法（中西部上部），并从高杂菌多样性玉米转变为苜蓿（玻利维亚）（玻利维亚）将倾向于创建并增强土地使用集群。 聚类假设的微观经济基础是，正空间外部性和负空间外部性都会影响农业景观变化的大小和空间模式。 这项研究将开发一种针对空间外部性的原始研究和教育方法，该方法将在以下领域提供新的重要贡献：（1）农民在土地利用中的空间外部性下的微观经济模型，（2）土地利用变化的经济学分析与策略相关的策略，以确定对空间外部性的策略的范围，（3）量化的策略，（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）（3）空间外部性，以及（4）对土地用户相互作用及其对有机奶牛场和农业多样性耕作结果的影响的比较分析。该项目将增强有关农民相互互动以及与社会和环保目标相互互动的复杂方式的基本知识。 这项研究的社会意义和价值是基于管理政策的设计和制定，这些政策需要了解农业系统中空间相互作用的基本人类社会动态。 农业土地利用的变化，例如扩大的有机农业和农生多样性产量的下降，导致人们使用相同或相似的技术方法，管理技术以及环境和资源和资源和资源和资源固定的实践来增加对各种农业景观中的空间聚类的兴趣。 国家，州和地方政府机构以及国际发展，环境和保护组织都对环境和发展目的的农业管理政策感兴趣。 该项目的整体设计需要一种集成的研究和教育方法，重点是教育。项目结果将用于设计政策，以增强环境和经济发展成果。 2007财年全民社会和社会动态竞赛（HSD）的奖项支持该项目。 所有NSF局和办公室都参与了HSD竞赛和HSD奖项组合的协调管理。