Agrobiodiversity and Development of Meso-Scale Irrigation in Tropical Mountain Ecosystems of Bolivia and Peru

玻利维亚和秘鲁热带山地生态系统的农业生物多样性和中观灌溉发展

• 批准号: 0240962
• 负责人: Karl Zimmerer
• 金额: $ 23万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0240962&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Agrobiodiversity; Development; Meso; Scale; Irrigation

Loss of the biological diversity of diverse food plants (agrobiodiversity) has long been assumed a fait accompli due to the effects of irrigated agricultural development. According to standard assumptions and analysis, agrobiodiversity decline is a necessary environmental trade-off in the irrigation-based development of modern agriculture. Recent studies have challenged assumptions regarding negative interactions between agrobiodiversity and irrigation, however. This research project will investigate the changes in biodiversity, social conditions, and policy networks that are associated with the development of medium-scale irrigation projects during the last 15 to 20 years. The investigators will conduct multiple case studies at field sites in Bolivia and Peru. These studies will be complemented by investigators at international policy and aid organizations in those countries as well as in Canada, the United States, and Colombia. The project is grounded in geographical theory of the relation of the environment to development change. Special emphasis will be given to links between biodiversity in agriculture (agrobiodiversity) and irrigated farm environments. Attention also will be given to irrigation risk and household-level resource status and to the environmental design of irrigation under recent policies of national and global development agencies. The investigator and his Peruvian collaborators will apply research methods and analysis that consist of ethnography and interviews; farm surveys; plant ecological and soils analysis; GIS databases; multiple regression analysis; and examination of institutional, property, and archive documents.The social significance of this research is expected to be evident in its contributions to policy making and analysis for agricultural and environmental sustainability. This significance is centered on the combined problems and challenges of declining biological diversity in agriculture and the increasing management of water supplies. It is especially significant for the agriculture and inhabitants of semi-arid environments of tropical mountain countries, exemplified in Bolivia and Peru, which support a large share of global agrobiodiversity that is subject to expanding areas of meso-scale irrigation. The research project also will contribute analysis and guidelines on the role of agrobiodiversity to farming under this sort of irrigation management, and it will provide recommendations for policies that are concerned with agrobiodiversity and irrigation in relation to technological and social change.

由于灌溉农业发展的影响，各种粮食植物的生物多样性（农业生物多样性）的丧失长期以来一直被认为是一个既成事实。根据标准假设和分析，农业生物多样性的下降是以灌溉为基础的现代农业发展中的一个必要的环境代价。 然而，最近的研究对农业生物多样性与灌溉之间的负面相互作用的假设提出了质疑。 该研究项目将调查过去15至20年中与中型灌溉项目发展相关的生物多样性，社会条件和政策网络的变化。 调查人员将在玻利维亚和秘鲁的实地开展多项案例研究。 这些研究将得到这些国家以及加拿大、美国和哥伦比亚的国际政策和援助组织的调查人员的补充。 该项目以环境与发展变化关系的地理学理论为基础。 将特别强调农业生物多样性（农业生物多样性）与灌溉农场环境之间的联系。 还将注意灌溉风险和家庭一级的资源状况，以及根据国家和全球发展机构最近的政策进行的灌溉环境设计。 研究者和他的秘鲁合作者将应用研究方法和分析，包括民族志和访谈;农场调查;植物生态和土壤分析; GIS数据库;多元回归分析;以及机构，财产和档案文件的检查。这项研究的社会意义预计将在其对农业和环境可持续性的政策制定和分析的贡献中显而易见。 这一意义集中在农业生物多样性下降和供水管理日益增加的综合问题和挑战上。 这对热带山区国家的农业和半干旱环境的居民特别重要，例如玻利维亚和秘鲁，这两个国家在全球农业生物多样性中占很大比例，而这两个国家的中等规模灌溉面积正在扩大。 该研究项目还将有助于分析和指导农业生物多样性在这种灌溉管理下对耕作的作用，并将为与农业生物多样性和灌溉有关的技术和社会变革政策提供建议。