Doctoral Dissertation Research: Acceptability Judgments and Laryngeal Phonotactics

语言通过组合语言的声音形成单词。然而，在许多语言中，语音的某些组合并没有系统地出现，这与语言的语音偶然组合所预期的相反。在玻利维亚盖丘亚语中，某些声音可能不会在根中同时出现。虽然玻利维亚盖丘亚语中有一个带单吐音或送气音的词根，但没有两个吐音或送气音的词根（例如，“k'ap'a”，“thaqha”将是不可能的词根）。本研究旨在探讨母语使用者对玻利维亚克丘亚语词汇中喉部特征组合限制的认知。这项研究的目的是确定玻利维亚克丘亚语的发言者是否知道这些特定的限制，此外，是否有系统的限制有一个不同的地位比“意外的差距”的词汇。这些问题是通过询问母语者对临时词（编造的词）的接受程度来调查的。这些实验将有助于对共现限制进行知情的类型学研究，并为音系学研究中的两个广泛问题提供信息。首先，本研究将确定喉限制在语法中是否具有共时地位。一些共现限制，特别是喉共现限制，是对语言中词根形状的静态概括，可能不需要共时分析。以前对根限制的心理现实的研究没有测试在克丘亚语中发现的喉限制的种类。第二，喉的限制与偶然的差距的比较将揭示扬声器是否形成概括类的片段在他们的语言，或学习证明个别组合的片段。这项研究的另一个组成部分是玻利维亚克丘亚语的喉系统的文件和声学分析，对比无喉不送气，送气和喷出停止。本文的研究将有助于进一步证明克丘亚语语音的特点，从而为克丘亚语社区做出贡献。克丘亚语有许多方面是世界语言中罕见的，与大多数克丘亚语使用者的第二语言西班牙语不同。这个项目在语言和文化上都很重要，有助于详细描述克丘亚语中喉部对比的声学。盖丘亚语没有全面的语音描述。准确和彻底的语音描述对于可能面临语言损失和濒危的未来几代克丘亚语使用者以及任何寻求了解这种语言的语音的语言学家都是有价值的。

Languages form words by combining the sounds of the language. In many languages, however, certain combinations of sounds systematically do not occur, contrary to what is expected if the sounds of a language combined by chance. In Bolivian Quechua certain sounds may not co-occur in a root. While there are roots in Bolivian Quechua with a single ejective or aspirated sound, there are not roots with two ejectives or aspirates (for example, "k'ap'a", "thaqha" would be impossible roots). This project investigates native speakers' awareness of such combinatorial restrictions on laryngeal features in the lexicon of Bolivian Quechua. The goal of the research is to determine whether speakers of Bolivian Quechua are aware of these particular restrictions and, moreover, whether the systematic restrictions have a different status than "accidental gaps" in the lexicon. These questions are investigated by asking native speakers for acceptability ratings of nonce words (made up words). The experiments will contribute to an informed typology of co-occurrence restrictions and inform two broad questions in phonological research. First, the study will ascertain whether laryngeal restrictions have a synchronic status in the grammar. Some co-occurrence restrictions, and particularly laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions, are static generalizations about the shape of roots in a language and may not require a synchronic analysis. Previous studies of the psychological reality of root restrictions have not tested the kinds of laryngeal restrictions found in Quechua. Second, the comparison of laryngeal restrictions with accidental gaps will reveal whether speakers form generalizations about classes of segments in their language, or learn the attestation of individual combinations of segments. An additional component of the study is documentation and acoustic analysis of the laryngeal system of Bolivian Quechua, which contrasts voiceless unaspirated, aspirated and ejective stops. Ejectives are both relatively rare and understudied.This study will contribute to the Quechua community by further documenting the phonetic properties of the sounds of Quechua. There are many aspects of the Quechua language that are rare among the world's languages, and differ from Spanish, the second language of most Quechua speakers. This project is linguistically and culturally important in contributing a detailed description of the acoustics of laryngeal contrasts in Quechua. No comprehensive phonetic description is available for Quechua. Accurate and thorough phonetic description is valuable both for future generations of Quechua speakers who may face language loss and endangerment and for any linguist who seeks to understand the phonology of this language.