Doctoral Dissertation Research: Acceptability Judgments and Laryngeal Phonotactics

语言通过结合语言的声音来形成单词。然而，在许多语言中，某些声音的系统组合不会发生，这与人们所期望的一种语言的声音偶然组合相反。在玻利维亚克丘亚语中，某些音可能不会同时出现在一个词根中。虽然玻利维亚克丘亚语中有些词根只有一个凸出音或送气音，但没有两个凸出音或送气音的词根（例如，“k’ap’a”、“thaqha”都是不可能的词根）。该项目调查了母语人士对玻利维亚克丘亚语词汇中喉部特征的组合限制的认识。这项研究的目的是确定说玻利维亚盖丘亚语的人是否意识到这些特殊的限制，此外，系统限制是否与词汇中的“偶然空白”具有不同的地位。这些问题是通过询问以英语为母语的人对临时词（合成词）的接受程度来调查的。这些实验将有助于对共现限制的类型进行了解，并为音系研究中的两个广泛问题提供信息。首先，本研究将确定喉限制在语法中是否具有共时性。一些共现限制，特别是喉部共现限制，是语言中词根形状的静态概括，可能不需要共时分析。以前对根限制的心理现实的研究没有测试在克丘亚发现的喉限制的种类。第二，将喉部限制与偶然间隙的比较将揭示说话者是对其语言中的音段类别形成概括，还是学习音段的个别组合的证明。该研究的另一个组成部分是玻利维亚克丘亚人喉部系统的记录和声学分析，对比了不送气、送气和射音停止。射射相对较少，研究也不够充分。这项研究将通过进一步记录克丘亚语的语音特性，为克丘亚语社区做出贡献。盖丘亚语的许多方面在世界语言中是罕见的，与西班牙语不同，西班牙语是大多数盖丘亚人的第二语言。该项目在语言和文化上都具有重要意义，有助于详细描述克丘亚人喉部对比的声学。克丘亚语没有全面的语音描述。准确而全面的语音描述对于未来可能面临语言丧失和濒危的克丘亚语使用者和任何试图了解这种语言音系的语言学家都是有价值的。

Languages form words by combining the sounds of the language. In many languages, however, certain combinations of sounds systematically do not occur, contrary to what is expected if the sounds of a language combined by chance. In Bolivian Quechua certain sounds may not co-occur in a root. While there are roots in Bolivian Quechua with a single ejective or aspirated sound, there are not roots with two ejectives or aspirates (for example, "k'ap'a", "thaqha" would be impossible roots). This project investigates native speakers' awareness of such combinatorial restrictions on laryngeal features in the lexicon of Bolivian Quechua. The goal of the research is to determine whether speakers of Bolivian Quechua are aware of these particular restrictions and, moreover, whether the systematic restrictions have a different status than "accidental gaps" in the lexicon. These questions are investigated by asking native speakers for acceptability ratings of nonce words (made up words). The experiments will contribute to an informed typology of co-occurrence restrictions and inform two broad questions in phonological research. First, the study will ascertain whether laryngeal restrictions have a synchronic status in the grammar. Some co-occurrence restrictions, and particularly laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions, are static generalizations about the shape of roots in a language and may not require a synchronic analysis. Previous studies of the psychological reality of root restrictions have not tested the kinds of laryngeal restrictions found in Quechua. Second, the comparison of laryngeal restrictions with accidental gaps will reveal whether speakers form generalizations about classes of segments in their language, or learn the attestation of individual combinations of segments. An additional component of the study is documentation and acoustic analysis of the laryngeal system of Bolivian Quechua, which contrasts voiceless unaspirated, aspirated and ejective stops. Ejectives are both relatively rare and understudied.This study will contribute to the Quechua community by further documenting the phonetic properties of the sounds of Quechua. There are many aspects of the Quechua language that are rare among the world's languages, and differ from Spanish, the second language of most Quechua speakers. This project is linguistically and culturally important in contributing a detailed description of the acoustics of laryngeal contrasts in Quechua. No comprehensive phonetic description is available for Quechua. Accurate and thorough phonetic description is valuable both for future generations of Quechua speakers who may face language loss and endangerment and for any linguist who seeks to understand the phonology of this language.