Modeling motor behavior in the lobster stomatogastric system

项目名称：龙虾口胃系统运动行为建模项目编号：Scott L. hooper项目编号：IOS 0598926了解神经系统如何产生行为是神经科学的中心目标，关于神经系统如何工作现在已经知道了很多。然而，这些知识不足以理解行为是如何产生的，因为神经系统驱动肌肉，肌肉反过来运动产生行为的效应器（通常是四肢）。不同的肌肉对神经系统的输入有不同的反应，不同解剖结构的四肢对给定的肌肉激活量有不同的反应。由于神经肌肉系统作为一个统一的整体进化，神经系统的特性将随着肌肉和肢体特性的功能而变化。因此，了解神经系统如何产生行为需要研究神经系统控制的肌肉和四肢。拟议的工作将在一个非常了解的神经系统中解决这个问题，这个神经系统驱动龙虾胃的运动。龙虾的胃更像脊椎动物的四肢，而不是人类的胃，因为它有神经驱动的肌肉和被称为小骨的骨状效应器。胃神经系统的神经输出和组成被完整地描述了，并且对其神经元的电特性也有了大量的了解。胃肌肉对神经输入有单独和复杂的反应，胃小骨的定量、三维描述是可用的。因此，所有连接神经系统组成和输出到行为的必要信息都可以在这个系统中获得。这项工作将详细描述肌肉、听骨和关节的特性，以便以后开发该系统中行为生成的计算模型。由于上述许多其他系统中行为产生的类似性质，这项工作的结论应该广泛适用，包括理解人类神经系统如何产生运动。拟议的工作还将提供本科生和博士后水平的培训。

PROJECT TITLE: Modeling Motor Behavior in the Lobster Stomatogastric SystemPI: Scott L. HooperPROJECT NUMBER: IOS 0958926Understanding how nervous systems generate behavior is a central goal of neuroscience, and much about how nervous systems work is now known. However, this knowledge is insufficient to understand how behavior is produced because nervous systems drive muscles, which in turn move the effectors (typically limbs) that produce behavior. Different muscles respond differently to nervous system input, and limbs with different anatomies respond differently to given amounts of muscle activation. Since neuro-muscular systems evolve as a unified whole, nervous system properties will vary as a function of muscle and limb properties. Understanding how nervous systems generate behavior thus requires studying the muscles and limbs that nervous systems control. The proposed work will address this issue in an extremely well-understood nervous system, the nervous system that drives the movements of the lobster stomach. The lobster stomach is more similar to vertebrate limbs than to human stomachs in that it has neurally-driven muscles and bone-like effectors called ossicles. The neural output and make-up of the stomach nervous system are completely described and a great deal about the electrical properties of its neurons is known. The stomach muscles have individual and complex responses to neural input, and a quantitative, three-dimensional description of the stomach ossicles is available. All information necessary to connect nervous system make-up and output to behavior is thus available in this system. The proposed work will characterize muscle, ossicle, and joint properties in detail so as to allow later development of a computational model of the generation of behavior in this system. Due to the analogous natures of behavior generation in this and many other systems noted above, conclusions from this work should be widely applicable, including to understanding how human nervous systems generate movement. The proposed work will also provide training on both undergraduate and post-doctoral levels.