Modeling motor behavior in the lobster stomatogastric system

项目名称：龙虾口胃系统运动行为建模PI：Scott L。Hooper项目编号：IOS 0958926了解神经系统如何产生行为是神经科学的一个中心目标，现在已经知道了很多关于神经系统如何工作的信息。然而，这些知识不足以理解行为是如何产生的，因为神经系统驱动肌肉，肌肉反过来又移动产生行为的效应器（通常是四肢）。不同的肌肉对神经系统输入的反应不同，不同解剖结构的肢体对给定数量的肌肉激活的反应也不同。由于神经肌肉系统是作为一个统一的整体进化的，神经系统的特性将作为肌肉和肢体特性的函数而变化。因此，要了解神经系统如何产生行为，就需要研究神经系统控制的肌肉和四肢。拟议的工作将在一个非常好理解的神经系统中解决这个问题，这个神经系统驱动龙虾胃的运动。龙虾的胃更像脊椎动物的四肢，而不是人类的胃，因为它有神经驱动的肌肉和被称为听小骨的骨样效应器。胃神经系统的神经输出和组成被完整地描述，并且关于其神经元的电特性的大量信息是已知的。胃部肌肉对神经输入有个体和复杂的反应，并且胃小骨的定量三维描述是可用的。因此，将神经系统的构成和输出与行为联系起来的所有必要信息都可以在这个系统中获得。拟议的工作将详细描述肌肉，听小骨和关节特性，以便稍后开发该系统中行为生成的计算模型。由于这个系统和上面提到的许多其他系统的行为生成的类似性质，这项工作的结论应该是广泛适用的，包括理解人类神经系统如何产生运动。拟议的工作还将提供本科和博士后培训。

PROJECT TITLE: Modeling Motor Behavior in the Lobster Stomatogastric SystemPI: Scott L. HooperPROJECT NUMBER: IOS 0958926Understanding how nervous systems generate behavior is a central goal of neuroscience, and much about how nervous systems work is now known. However, this knowledge is insufficient to understand how behavior is produced because nervous systems drive muscles, which in turn move the effectors (typically limbs) that produce behavior. Different muscles respond differently to nervous system input, and limbs with different anatomies respond differently to given amounts of muscle activation. Since neuro-muscular systems evolve as a unified whole, nervous system properties will vary as a function of muscle and limb properties. Understanding how nervous systems generate behavior thus requires studying the muscles and limbs that nervous systems control. The proposed work will address this issue in an extremely well-understood nervous system, the nervous system that drives the movements of the lobster stomach. The lobster stomach is more similar to vertebrate limbs than to human stomachs in that it has neurally-driven muscles and bone-like effectors called ossicles. The neural output and make-up of the stomach nervous system are completely described and a great deal about the electrical properties of its neurons is known. The stomach muscles have individual and complex responses to neural input, and a quantitative, three-dimensional description of the stomach ossicles is available. All information necessary to connect nervous system make-up and output to behavior is thus available in this system. The proposed work will characterize muscle, ossicle, and joint properties in detail so as to allow later development of a computational model of the generation of behavior in this system. Due to the analogous natures of behavior generation in this and many other systems noted above, conclusions from this work should be widely applicable, including to understanding how human nervous systems generate movement. The proposed work will also provide training on both undergraduate and post-doctoral levels.