Joint Influences on Perceived Vulnerability and Behavior

对感知脆弱性和行为的联合影响

• 批准号: 0961252
• 负责人: Paul Windschitl
• 金额: $ 58.74万
• 依托单位: University of Iowa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2016-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0961252&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Joint; Influences; Perceived; Vulnerability; Behavior

People routinely encounter situations in which they must decide how to respond to a potential danger or health threat (e.g., tornado siren, flu virus, undercooked food, asbestos, sports injury, a dark alley, cigarette smoke, sun exposure, an icy road, a pit bull). A person?s response to a danger or threat should depend on, among other things, the likelihood of harm. For example, a person would be foolish to stop or avoid a desired activity because of a negligible likelihood of harm, yet would be ill-advised to continue with an activity associated with a high likelihood of serious harm. Consequently, it is crucial to understand what shapes people?s perceptions of vulnerability (i.e., subjective likelihood of harm from a threat) and how these perceptions influence behavior. This is a complex challenge because for any given threat, there is a variety of information that could influence perceived vulnerability. To illustrate, consider a person who is about to walk on a forest trail and is thinking about the threat of mosquitoes carrying West Nile Virus. Perceived vulnerability to West Nile might be affected by knowledge of the frequencies of getting bites on past walks, the extent to which the trail seems representative of the type that attracts mosquitoes, a newspaper story about the rates of West Nile Virus, and whether other hikers seem to be concerned about the virus.A key goal for this project is to refine and test a new theory of how various factors jointly shape perceptions of vulnerability and behavior. Unlike existing theories, this one is explicit in representing six factors that drive vulnerability and also makes an important distinction between people?s explicit reports of judged likelihood and the perceptions of vulnerability that drive behavior. An interrelated second goal of the project is to develop a flexible computer-based paradigm that can be used by a broad array of researchers for experimentally testing how various jointly operating factors influence decisions and behavior in the presence of a potential threat. The theory and empirical findings from this project should have important implications across fields concerned with subjective threat assessment and/or decision making under uncertainty. This includes fields like health psychology, occupational safety/injury prevention, and decision making. The studies should also provide insight about how to best measure people?s perceived vulnerability to health risks, as well as how to design public?health interventions aimed at making people aware of their vulnerability.

人们经常遇到他们必须决定如何应对潜在危险或健康威胁的情况（例如，龙卷风警报器、流感病毒、未煮熟的食物、石棉、运动损伤、黑暗的小巷、香烟烟雾、阳光照射、结冰的道路、比特犬）。一个人？一个人对危险或威胁的反应应该取决于，除其他外，伤害的可能性。例如，一个人因为伤害的可能性微乎其微而停止或避免所需的活动是愚蠢的，但继续进行与严重伤害的可能性很高相关的活动则是不明智的。因此，了解是什么塑造了人是至关重要的。对脆弱性的看法（即，威胁造成伤害的主观可能性）以及这些感知如何影响行为。 这是一个复杂的挑战，因为对于任何特定的威胁，都有各种各样的信息可能影响人们对脆弱性的看法。 举例来说，考虑一个人即将走在森林小径上，并正在考虑携带西尼罗河病毒的蚊子的威胁。人们对西尼罗河病毒的易感性可能会受到过去散步时被叮咬频率的影响，足迹在多大程度上代表了吸引蚊子的类型，报纸上关于西尼罗河病毒感染率的报道，该项目的一个关键目标是完善和测试一种新的理论，即各种因素如何共同塑造对病毒的看法。脆弱性和行为。与现有的理论不同，这一理论明确地描述了导致脆弱性的六个因素，并对人与人之间进行了重要的区分。的判断可能性的明确报告和驱动行为的脆弱性的看法。该项目相互关联的第二个目标是开发一种灵活的基于计算机的范例，可供广泛的研究人员使用，用于实验测试各种联合操作因素如何影响潜在威胁存在时的决策和行为。 从这个项目的理论和实证研究结果应该有重要的影响，跨领域的主观威胁评估和/或决策的不确定性。这包括健康心理学，职业安全/伤害预防和决策等领域。这些研究还应该提供关于如何最好地衡量人的见解？的感知脆弱性健康风险，以及如何设计公共？旨在使人们认识到其脆弱性的卫生干预措施。