Doctoral Dissertation Research Science of Science and Innovation Policy: Scientific Knowledge Pproduction for Solving Common Environmental Problems in a Developing Country

在工业化社会中，科学家经常在从自然资源管理到环境保护等问题上担任政府和工业界的专家。与此相反，在许多发展中国家，专家的地位是非正式的、不稳定的或无形的。本文探讨了在一个快速发展的国家，智利，科学研究团体在他们与政府和工业界的联系方面有何不同，以及这对他们的环境研究活动的性质，目的和传播有何影响。智力优势：网络分析用于绘制环境知识从产生环境知识的四个社区--物理学家、生态学家、地质学家和森林科学家--到两类用户--政府和工业的流动图。这四个成功的科学团体拥有非常不同的组织，从传统的公立大学到松散的网络研究所。访谈使人们更好地了解这些科学和非科学社区如何相互作用，相互塑造彼此的议程。研究所还对向智利国家科学基金会提交和批准的研究提案进行统计分析，以研究过去30年来政治和科学优先事项的变化，以及这些变化与不断变化的政治条件的关系。智利是拉丁美洲的经济成功故事，然而，该国继续依赖自然资源开采来促进经济增长，并面临难以解决的不平等问题。尽管根据世界银行建议的科学和创新政策，科学预算增加了一倍，但人们对拉丁美洲科学界可以发挥的作用了解甚少。这项研究提供了经验证据，智利科学家如何与工业和政府的科学用户，这些关系是否有利于生产环境科学的公共利益或影响传播知识的形式，以及科学利益如何应对不断变化的政治优先事项。

In industrialized societies, scientists often serve as experts to both government and industry on issues ranging from natural resource management to environmental protection. In contrast, in many developing countries, the position of experts is informal, erratic or invisible. This dissertation asks how scientific research groups differ in terms of their connections to government and industry in a rapidly developing country, Chile, and what impact this has on the nature, purpose and dissemination of their environmental research activities. Intellectual Merit: Network analysis is used to map the flow of environmental knowledge from four communities where it is produced - physicists, ecologists, geologists, and forest scientists - to two types of users - government and industry. These four successful scientific communities occupy very different organizations, from traditional public universities to loosely networked institutes. The interviews provide a better understanding of how these science and non-science communities interact and mutually shape each others' agendas. The PIs also undertake a statistical analysis of submitted and approved research proposals to the Chilean equivalent of the National Science Foundation to examine how political and scientific priorities have shifted in the past 30 years, and how these shifts relate to changing political conditions.Broader Impact: Chile is Latin America's economic success story, yet the country continues to rely on natural resource extraction for economic growth and faces intractable levels of inequality. There is little understanding of the role that can be played by the scientific community in Latin America, despite the doubling of the science budgets in response to science and innovation policies recommended by the World Bank. This research provides empirical evidence on how Chilean scientists relate to science-users in industry and government, whether these relationships favor the production of environmental science in the public interest or impact the forms of disseminating knowledge used, and how scientific interests respond to changing political priorities.