Doctoral Dissertation Research Science of Science and Innovation Policy: Scientific Knowledge Pproduction for Solving Common Environmental Problems in a Developing Country

在工业化社会中，科学家经常在从自然资源管理到环境保护等问题上担任政府和工业界的专家。相比之下，在许多发展中国家，专家的地位是非正式的、不稳定的或不可见的。这篇论文探讨了在一个快速发展的国家智利，科学研究团体与政府和工业的联系是如何不同的，以及这对他们的环境研究活动的性质、目的和传播有什么影响。知识价值：网络分析用于绘制环境知识从产生环境知识的四个群体（物理学家、生态学家、地质学家和森林科学家）到两类用户（政府和工业界）的流动图。这四个成功的科学团体占据着非常不同的组织，从传统的公立大学到松散的网络研究所。访谈提供了一个更好的理解这些科学和非科学社区如何互动和相互塑造彼此的议程。ppi还对提交和批准的研究建议进行统计分析，这些建议被提交给智利的国家科学基金会，以检查过去30年来政治和科学优先事项的变化，以及这些变化与不断变化的政治条件之间的关系。更广泛的影响：智利是拉丁美洲的经济成功故事，但该国继续依靠自然资源开采来实现经济增长，并面临难以解决的不平等问题。尽管为了响应世界银行建议的科学和创新政策，拉丁美洲的科学预算翻了一番，但人们对科学界可以发挥的作用知之甚少。这项研究提供了关于智利科学家如何与工业和政府中的科学用户建立联系的经验证据，这些关系是否有利于为公共利益生产环境科学或影响所使用的传播知识的形式，以及科学利益如何响应不断变化的政治优先事项。

In industrialized societies, scientists often serve as experts to both government and industry on issues ranging from natural resource management to environmental protection. In contrast, in many developing countries, the position of experts is informal, erratic or invisible. This dissertation asks how scientific research groups differ in terms of their connections to government and industry in a rapidly developing country, Chile, and what impact this has on the nature, purpose and dissemination of their environmental research activities. Intellectual Merit: Network analysis is used to map the flow of environmental knowledge from four communities where it is produced - physicists, ecologists, geologists, and forest scientists - to two types of users - government and industry. These four successful scientific communities occupy very different organizations, from traditional public universities to loosely networked institutes. The interviews provide a better understanding of how these science and non-science communities interact and mutually shape each others' agendas. The PIs also undertake a statistical analysis of submitted and approved research proposals to the Chilean equivalent of the National Science Foundation to examine how political and scientific priorities have shifted in the past 30 years, and how these shifts relate to changing political conditions.Broader Impact: Chile is Latin America's economic success story, yet the country continues to rely on natural resource extraction for economic growth and faces intractable levels of inequality. There is little understanding of the role that can be played by the scientific community in Latin America, despite the doubling of the science budgets in response to science and innovation policies recommended by the World Bank. This research provides empirical evidence on how Chilean scientists relate to science-users in industry and government, whether these relationships favor the production of environmental science in the public interest or impact the forms of disseminating knowledge used, and how scientific interests respond to changing political priorities.