Doctoral Dissertation Research Science of Science and Innovation Policy: Scientific Knowledge Pproduction for Solving Common Environmental Problems in a Developing Country

在工业化社会中，科学家经常在从自然资源管理到环境保护的一系列问题上担任政府和行业的专家。相比之下，在许多发展中国家，专家的地位是非正式的、不稳定的或看不见的。在快速发展的国家智利，科研团体在与政府和工业的联系方面有何不同，以及这对其环境研究活动的性质、目的和传播有什么影响。智力优势：网络分析被用来将环境知识从生产环境知识的四个社区--物理学家、生态学家、地质学家和森林科学家--映射到两类用户--政府和行业。这四个成功的科学界占据着非常不同的组织，从传统的公立大学到松散的网络研究所。通过访谈，我们可以更好地了解这些科学界和非科学界是如何相互影响和影响彼此议程的。PIS还对提交给智利相当于国家科学基金会的研究提案进行统计分析，以检查在过去30年中政治和科学优先事项是如何变化的，以及这些变化与不断变化的政治条件有何关系。广泛的影响：智利是拉丁美洲的经济成功故事，但该国仍然依赖自然资源开采来实现经济增长，并面临着难以解决的不平等问题。尽管为响应世界银行建议的科学和创新政策，科学预算翻了一番，但对拉丁美洲科学界可以发挥的作用却知之甚少。这项研究为智利科学家与工业和政府中的科学用户之间的关系提供了经验证据，这些关系是否有利于环境科学的生产以符合公共利益，或者影响了所用知识的传播形式，以及科学利益如何对不断变化的政治优先事项做出反应。

In industrialized societies, scientists often serve as experts to both government and industry on issues ranging from natural resource management to environmental protection. In contrast, in many developing countries, the position of experts is informal, erratic or invisible. This dissertation asks how scientific research groups differ in terms of their connections to government and industry in a rapidly developing country, Chile, and what impact this has on the nature, purpose and dissemination of their environmental research activities. Intellectual Merit: Network analysis is used to map the flow of environmental knowledge from four communities where it is produced - physicists, ecologists, geologists, and forest scientists - to two types of users - government and industry. These four successful scientific communities occupy very different organizations, from traditional public universities to loosely networked institutes. The interviews provide a better understanding of how these science and non-science communities interact and mutually shape each others' agendas. The PIs also undertake a statistical analysis of submitted and approved research proposals to the Chilean equivalent of the National Science Foundation to examine how political and scientific priorities have shifted in the past 30 years, and how these shifts relate to changing political conditions.Broader Impact: Chile is Latin America's economic success story, yet the country continues to rely on natural resource extraction for economic growth and faces intractable levels of inequality. There is little understanding of the role that can be played by the scientific community in Latin America, despite the doubling of the science budgets in response to science and innovation policies recommended by the World Bank. This research provides empirical evidence on how Chilean scientists relate to science-users in industry and government, whether these relationships favor the production of environmental science in the public interest or impact the forms of disseminating knowledge used, and how scientific interests respond to changing political priorities.