Few Body Interactions in the Ultracold

我们的领域所取得的进展极大地加深了我们对量子力学领域中超冷原子气体的理解。这些成果正越来越多地转化为控制原子行为的前景，例如开发下一代原子钟，为量子信息技术创造原子气体的新相，以及操纵化学反应动力学。今天，在超冷量子气体中控制原子间相互作用的能力使这一研究领域能够预测和实现广泛的量子现象，包括许多不同的物理子领域，特别是原子和分子，凝聚态物质和核物理。在第一个稀玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体产生后，人们充分认识到，少体过程具有至关重要的意义，因为它们决定了凝聚体的寿命和稳定性以及它们的平均场行为。该项目中的研究开辟了探索和控制超冷量子气体中的少体过程的方法，从而表明有可能对化学反应进行新水平的控制，并有能力发现新的量子相和在奇异动力学机制中产生稳定气体的新方法。该项目中的研究计划在两个主要方面产生影响。首先，控制化学反应可以被视为一个长期目标，具有深远的科学和技术影响。例如，这种控制可以用于研究散射共振在化学反应动力学中的作用，探索化学动力学中的几何相位效应，并最终控制化学反应性。其次，通过使用可控的相互作用来寻找物质的新量子相，为在现代科学最深的领域之一中导航提供了新的方法。

Strides made by our field have tremendously deepened our understanding of ultracold atomic gases in the quantum mechanical realm. Increasingly, these gains are being translated into prospects for controlling atomic behavior, for instance in the development of the next generation of atomic clocks, for creating novel phases of atomic gases for purposes of quantum information technology, and for the manipulation of chemical reaction dynamics. Today, the capability of controlling interatomic interaction in ultracold quantum gases makes this field of research able to predict and realize a wide range of quantum phenomena that encompass a number of different physics subfields, notably atomic and molecular, condensed matter, and nuclear physics. As was fully recognized after the first dilute Bose-Einstein condensates were created, few-body processes have paramount importance, since they dictate the lifetime and stability of condensates as well as their mean-field behavior. Studies included in this project open up ways to explore and control few-body processes in ultracold quantum gases, thereby suggesting the likelihood of a new level of control over chemical reactions, as well as the ability to uncover novel quantum phases and the new ways to produce stable gases in exotic dynamical regimes.The research plans within the project have an impact on two major fronts. First, control over chemical reactions can be seen as a longstanding goal having far-reaching scientific and technological ramifications. Such control can be used, for instance, to study the role of scattering resonances in chemical reaction dynamics, to explore geometric phase effects in chemical dynamics, and ultimately to control chemical reactivity. Second, the search for novel quantum phases of matter, through the use of controllable interactions, sparks new ways to navigate in one of deepest territories of modern science.