Few Body Interactions in the Ultracold

我们的领域取得的进步极大地加深了我们对量子力学领域中超冷原子气体的理解。越来越多地，这些成果被转化为控制原子行为的前景，例如在下一代原子钟的开发中，为量子信息技术的目的创造原子气体的新阶段，以及对化学反应动力学的操纵。今天，在超冷量子气体中控制原子间相互作用的能力使这一研究领域能够预测和实现广泛的量子现象，这些现象涵盖了许多不同的物理子领域，特别是原子和分子，凝聚态物质和核物理。在第一个稀玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体被创造出来之后，人们充分认识到，少体过程具有至关重要的意义，因为它们决定了凝聚体的寿命和稳定性以及它们的平均场行为。包括在这个项目中的研究开辟了探索和控制超冷量子气体中的少体过程的方法，从而提出了控制化学反应的新水平的可能性，以及发现新的量子相的能力和在外来动力制度下产生稳定气体的新方法。项目内的研究计划在两个主要方面产生影响。首先，对化学反应的控制可以被视为一个具有深远科学和技术影响的长期目标。例如，这种控制可以用于研究散射共振在化学反应动力学中的作用，探索化学动力学中的几何相效应，最终控制化学反应性。其次，通过使用可控的相互作用来寻找物质的新量子相，为现代科学最深奥的领域之一开辟了新的道路。

Strides made by our field have tremendously deepened our understanding of ultracold atomic gases in the quantum mechanical realm. Increasingly, these gains are being translated into prospects for controlling atomic behavior, for instance in the development of the next generation of atomic clocks, for creating novel phases of atomic gases for purposes of quantum information technology, and for the manipulation of chemical reaction dynamics. Today, the capability of controlling interatomic interaction in ultracold quantum gases makes this field of research able to predict and realize a wide range of quantum phenomena that encompass a number of different physics subfields, notably atomic and molecular, condensed matter, and nuclear physics. As was fully recognized after the first dilute Bose-Einstein condensates were created, few-body processes have paramount importance, since they dictate the lifetime and stability of condensates as well as their mean-field behavior. Studies included in this project open up ways to explore and control few-body processes in ultracold quantum gases, thereby suggesting the likelihood of a new level of control over chemical reactions, as well as the ability to uncover novel quantum phases and the new ways to produce stable gases in exotic dynamical regimes.The research plans within the project have an impact on two major fronts. First, control over chemical reactions can be seen as a longstanding goal having far-reaching scientific and technological ramifications. Such control can be used, for instance, to study the role of scattering resonances in chemical reaction dynamics, to explore geometric phase effects in chemical dynamics, and ultimately to control chemical reactivity. Second, the search for novel quantum phases of matter, through the use of controllable interactions, sparks new ways to navigate in one of deepest territories of modern science.