Collaborative Research: Few-Body Interactions in Ultracold Quantum Gases

合作研究：超冷量子气体中的少体相互作用

• 批准号: 1607204
• 负责人: Jose D'Incao
• 金额: $ 9万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1607204&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Few; Body; Interactions

The understanding of how systems containing many particles, so-called many-body systems, behave is a fundamental question driving modern research with impacts across multiple fields of science and technology. Dilute, ultra-cold atomic vapors provide a unique arena for the study of collective, many-body phenomena, and for exploring the relationship between few-body dynamics on the one-hand and the behavior of many-body systems on the other. This project aims at the development of improved theoretical understanding of a number of key aspects of few-body systems that are deeply quantum mechanical in nature and which occur within ultra-cold quantum gases. The work could potentially have unprecedented impact with far-reaching scientific and technological ramifications. For example, the ability to regulate few-body interactions within a complex system could significantly impact the possibilities for quantum control of chemical reaction dynamics. Furthermore, a deep understanding of the ultra-cold atom interactions can spawn applications to atomic clocks, quantum information science, and the exploration of many novel phases of matter. A key element of the project is the design of computational methods and techniques of analysis capable of describing ultra-cold few-body interactions far more realistically than any other existing methodologies. For example, the project will explore whether a laser field can change the interactions among three or four nearby atoms that are part of a many-body Bose-Einstein condensate. The central idea is that whenever a few atoms within the large ensemble temporarily collide, they can absorb or emit radiation as a unit. This resonant radiation has distinct frequencies which can be detected spectroscopically or tuned to alter the few-body dynamics. In accord with its general objective, the project has two specific goals; to develop coherent control of few-body interactions, and to explore new fundamental phenomena in the exotic interaction regime produced by artificial gauge fields. The project will also build on recent discoveries of few-body, Efimov resonances, in order to explore the relevance of Efimov physics to the control of many-body ultra-cold systems. The key educational impact of this work derives from the training of graduate and undergraduate students as well as postdoctoral researchers in state of the art theoretical and computational research techniques.

了解包含许多粒子的系统（即所谓的多体系统）的行为是一个基本问题，它推动着现代研究，并对多个科学和技术领域产生影响。 稀释的超冷原子蒸气为研究集体多体现象，以及探索少体动力学与多体系统行为之间的关系提供了一个独特的竞技场。该项目旨在提高对少数体系统的一些关键方面的理论理解，这些系统本质上是量子力学的，并且发生在超冷量子气体中。这项工作可能会产生前所未有的影响，产生深远的科学和技术影响。例如，在复杂系统中调节少体相互作用的能力可能会显著影响化学反应动力学的量子控制的可能性。此外，对超冷原子相互作用的深入理解可以产生原子钟，量子信息科学和许多新物质相的探索的应用。该项目的一个关键要素是设计计算方法和分析技术，能够比任何其他现有方法更真实地描述超冷少体相互作用。例如，该项目将探索激光场是否可以改变附近三个或四个原子之间的相互作用，这些原子是多体玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的一部分。其中心思想是，只要大系综中的几个原子发生暂时碰撞，它们就可以作为一个单元吸收或发射辐射。这种共振辐射具有不同的频率，可以通过光谱检测或调谐来改变少体动力学。与其总体目标雅阁，该项目有两个具体目标：发展少体相互作用的相干控制，并探索人工规范场产生的奇异相互作用机制中的新的基本现象。该项目还将建立在最近发现的少体Efimov共振的基础上，以探索Efimov物理学与多体超冷系统控制的相关性。这项工作的主要教育影响来自研究生和本科生以及博士后研究人员在最先进的理论和计算研究技术的培训。