Electrification and Lightning in Convective and Mesoscale Precipitation

该奖项将使研究团队有机会扩展他们对大气对流、云电气化和闪电的研究。主要工作有三个方面：(1)风暴结构和闪电的区域差异及其与环境参数和气溶胶的潜在关系的统计分析；(2)中尺度降水系统与瞬变发光事件（TLEs）的关系；(3)大脉冲电荷矩变化（iCMCs）的气象学。为了进行所需的统计分析，研究小组将使用最近开发的一种算法，该算法可以吸收和综合雷达、闪电、环境和气溶胶数据。该算法将与选定的数据集一起使用，对不同的参数群进行基本的统计测试，以回答有关闪电与对流结构、气象环境和气溶胶之间关系的问题。对于第二项任务，该小组将分析一些关于tle产生事件的案例研究，并将其与先前的案例研究进行比较，以解决与中尺度对流系统（mcs）中tle产生有关的假设。他们将重点研究层状电荷层、层状降水中的嵌入式对流以及MCS结构的区域差异。对于第三项任务，研究人员将研究icmc， icmc是在云对地雷击的前2毫秒内，降至地面的电荷量级和降至地面的电荷高度的产物。iCMC可以通过最近开发的一种仪器来测量，研究人员将使用观测数据将大型iCMC观测结果放在气象环境中，以了解哪些类型的天气情况可能产生这些大的电荷矩变化。这项工作的智力价值包括提高了对风暴结构和闪电行为之间关系的理解，以及环境对对流和闪电的影响。这两个主题都将通过更多的数据、更大的地理覆盖范围和可用于这项工作的额外仪器而得到增强。这项研究还将有助于提高对mcs和TLEs之间联系的认识，并确定iCMC事件可以告诉我们什么信息。该研究的更广泛影响包括多名研究生和本科生以及公民科学家的参与，结果和数据的广泛传播，以及对高影响对流和闪电的更好理解。

This award will allow the research team an opportunity to expand on their investigations into atmospheric convection, cloud electrification, and lightning. The three main areas of work are (1) the statistical analysis of regional differences in storm structure and lightning and their potential relationships to environmental parameters and aerosols, (2) the relationship between mesoscale precipitation systems and transient luminous events (TLEs), and (3) the meteorology surrounding large impulse charge moment changes (iCMCs). In order to perform the statistical analyses required, the research group will use a recently developed algorithm that ingests and synthesizes radar, lightning, environmental, and aerosol data. The algorithm would be used with selected data sets to run basic statistical tests on different parameter populations in order to answer questions about the relationships of lightning with convective structure, the meteorological environment, and aerosols. For the second task, the group will analyze a number of case studies of TLE-producing events and compare them to prior case studies to address hypotheses relating to the production of TLEs in mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). They will focus on the stratiform charge layer, embedded convection in stratiform precipitation, and regional differences in MCS structure. For the third task, the researchers will study iCMCs, which are the products of the charge magnitude lowered to ground and the height above ground from which the charge is lowered, over the first 2 ms of a cloud-to-ground lightning strike. iCMCs can be measured by a recently developed instrument, and the researchers will use the observational data to place large iCMC observations in meteorological context to see what types of weather situations may produce these large charge moment changes.The intellectual merit of the work includes the improved understanding of the relationships between storm structure and lightning behavior, and the influence of the environment on convection and lightning. Both topics will be enhanced by a greater amount of data, larger geographic reach, and additional instrumentation available for this work. The research will also help to improve knowledge about the connections between MCSs and TLEs and determine what information iCMC events can tell us.The broader impacts of the research include the involvement of multiple graduate and undergraduate students and citizen scientists, widespread dissemination of results and data, and better understanding of high-impact convection and lightning.