Ship and Island Based Radar Observations in the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation Project (DYNAMO)

Madden-Julian Oscillation（MSTO）现场活动的动力学是2011年底/2012年初在印度洋进行的国际实验的美国组成部分，该实验是印度洋季节内变率合作实验（CINDY 2011）。 该项目的总体目标是加快对印度洋MJO启动的关键过程的理解，并改进MJO的模拟和预测。 实地活动将包括多个雷达、大气探测站、一架研究飞机、多艘研究船和海洋测量。 MJO的三个主要假设是：（1）只有当湿层在MJO尺度上变得足够深时，深对流才能组织成MJO对流包层;这种润湿发生的速度决定了预开始状态的持续时间，2）不同阶段的特定对流群体对于MJO的开始是必要的，和3）阻挡层，风和剪切驱动的混合、浅温跃层和混合层卷吸都通过控制上层海洋热含量和SST，从而控制表面通量反馈，在印度洋MJO的形成中发挥着重要作用。 该雷达将是参与该项目的几个雷达之一。这些雷达将共同监测和表征与MJO启动相关的降水对流。雷达数据将用于诊断加热廓线-深对流有助于大尺度强迫的机制。雷达观测也将用于验证大尺度和云解析模式对MJO的模拟。具体来说，PI将调查与改善MJO启动预测相关的问题，包括：* 了解对流发展和大气增湿之间的关系。* 描述热带印度洋上空对流的详细性质以及对流和 层状降水有助于非绝热加热。 大规模和云解析模型的验证。这项工作的更广泛影响包括多名研究生参与实地研究，以及对MJO运动更广泛目标的贡献，以提高对热带对流的理解，MJO的可预测性，以及MJO对美国和其他地区天气的下游影响。

The Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) field campaign is the US component of an international experiment in late 2011/early 2012 in the Indian Ocean, the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability (CINDY2011). The overarching goal of DYNAMO is to expedite understanding of processes key to MJO initiation over the Indian Ocean and to improve simulation and prediction of the MJO. The field campaign will include multiple radars, atmospheric sounding sites, a research aircraft, multiple research vessels, and oceanic measurements. The three main hypotheses of DYNAMO are: 1) Deep convection can be organized into an MJO convective envelope only when the moist layer has become sufficiently deep over a region of the MJO scale; the pace at which this moistening occurs determines the duration of the pre-onset state, 2) Specific convective populations at different stages are essential to MJO initiation, and 3) The barrier layer, wind- and shear-driven mixing, shallow thermocline, and mixing-layer entrainment all play essential roles in MJO initiation in the Indian Ocean by controlling the upper-ocean heat content and SST, and thereby surface flux feedbackUnder this award a C-band Doppler radar will be deployed on the research ship, R/V Roger Revelle. The radar will be one of several participating in DYNAMO. Collectively the radars will monitor and characterize precipitating convection associated with MJO initiation. The radar data will be used to diagnose heating profiles -- the mechanism by which deep convection contributes to large scale forcing. The radar observations also will be used to validate large scale and cloud resolving model simulations of the MJO.Specifically, the PI will investigate issues relative to improving predication of theMJO initiation including:* Understanding the relationship between convective development and moistening of the atmosphere.* Characterizing the detailed nature of convection over the tropical Indian Ocean and how convective and stratiform precipitation contribute to diabatic heating.* Validation of large scale and cloud resolving models.The broader impacts of the work include the involvement of multiple graduate students in field research, and the contribution to the broader goals of the DYNAMO campaign to improve understanding of tropical convection, the predictability of the MJO, and downstream effects of the MJO on weather in the United States and other areas.