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Dissertation Research: Plant chemical defenses and nectar traits mediating floral competition

论文研究：植物化学防御和花蜜特性介导花卉竞争

基本信息

批准号：
1011236
负责人：
Lynn Adler
金额：
$ 1.5万
依托单位：
University of Massachusetts Amherst
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-05-01 至 2013-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1011236&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dissertation Research Plant chemical defenses

项目摘要

Plant-insect interactions have long been studied due to their ecological and economic importance. However, little is known about how flowers avoid being damaged, despite their importance for plant reproduction. Flowers interact with mutualists, such as beneficial pollinators, but also with antagonists that damage flowers or reduce plant reproduction. When multiple insects use flowers concurrently, there is the potential for competition. Such flower-insect interactions can be mediated by floral traits, including chemical defenses and nectar rewards, but the role of these traits is largely unknown. The goal of this research is to determine how floral chemical defenses and nectar rewards mediate mutualist and antagonist insect interactions with flowers. To do this, the researcher will perform two experiments: (1) develop a model of how mutualist and antagonist insects, floral defenses, and nectar rewards interact with each other and affect plant reproduction; (2) manipulate pollinators and antagonists to determine how they affect each other, interact with floral defenses and rewards, and influence plant reproduction. This research will comprehensively examine interactions between floral competitors, floral defensive and attractive traits, and effects on plant reproduction. Understanding insect interactions with flowers can be imperative for agriculture and conservation. Pollinators are estimated to provide $100 billion USD in services each year, and insects that damage flowers can devastate crops, vector diseases, cause invasions, or act as biological control agents. Understanding how floral competitors interact with one another and their host plants is critical for managing crop yield and species diversity. Additionally, this research has and will continue to provide many opportunities for mentoring undergraduates, including students from under-represented minorities. The results from this work will provide protocols for chemical defense analysis in an ecological model system. The researcher will also communicate results widely by publishing in peer reviewed journals and presenting at national conferences

由于植物与昆虫的相互作用具有重要的生态和经济意义，人们对其进行了长期的研究。然而，尽管花对植物繁殖很重要，但人们对它们是如何避免受损的知之甚少。花与互利共生者相互作用，如有益的传粉者，但也与损害花或减少植物繁殖的拮抗者相互作用。当多种昆虫同时使用花朵时，存在竞争的可能性。这种花与昆虫的相互作用可以通过花的性状来调节，包括化学防御和花蜜奖励，但这些性状的作用在很大程度上是未知的。本研究的目的是确定花的化学防御和花蜜奖励如何介导昆虫与花的相互作用。为此，研究人员将进行两个实验：(1)建立一个互惠和拮抗昆虫、花卉防御和花蜜奖励如何相互作用并影响植物繁殖的模型；(2)操纵传粉者和拮抗者，确定它们如何相互影响，如何与花的防御和奖励相互作用，以及如何影响植物繁殖。本研究将全面探讨花的竞争性状、花的防御性状和吸引性状之间的相互作用以及对植物繁殖的影响。了解昆虫与花卉的相互作用对农业和保护具有重要意义。据估计，传粉媒介每年提供的服务价值达1000亿美元，而破坏花卉的昆虫可能会破坏作物、传播疾病、引起入侵或充当生物防治剂。了解花卉竞争对手之间及其寄主植物之间的相互作用对于管理作物产量和物种多样性至关重要。此外，这项研究已经并将继续为指导本科生提供许多机会，包括来自代表性不足的少数民族的学生。这项工作的结果将为生态模型系统的化学防御分析提供协议。研究人员还将通过在同行评议的期刊上发表文章和在国家会议上发表演讲来广泛传播研究结果