Dissertation Research: Taking the Heat: Mechanisms of adaptive differentiation in response to extreme heat events

论文研究：承受高温：应对极端高温事件的适应性分化机制

• 批准号: 1011675
• 负责人: Todd Dawson
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2012-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1011675&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Taking; Heat; Mechanisms

There are many studies examining species' responses to changes in average conditions but few studies examine species responses to extreme events (e.g. heatwaves). Extreme events typically are short events that challenge species beyond their ability to acclimate. In California the heatwave season is expected to increase by up to thirteen weeks, yet it remains unclear whether it will start earlier or end later. These two possibilities will have different effects on plants because sudden heat in the cool, wet spring should affect plants differently than extreme heat at the end of the dry summer, when plants have acclimated to high temperatures but soil water availability is low. Moreover, the responses of species may be different across their ranges because of climatic differences across California, where coastal sites are buffered from high temperatures and their annual climate is more stable than inland sites. If plants found in climatically stable sites are adapted to stable climates, they may be disproportionately harmed by increases in climatic extremes. We will determine if variation in response to heatwaves is greater within a population, between inland and coastal populations, or between distant populations. We will create artificial heatwaves and measure performance and stress in seedlings before and after these events and we will study the effect of naturally occurring heatwaves on adult plants.Heatwaves pose a grave threat to biodiversity. To determine the magnitude of threats, and to provide a strong scientific basis for conservation and management strategies, we must forecast responses to climate change. The proposed research is some of the first to examine the influence of local genetic pools on responses to heatwaves. One proposed human adaptation to climate change is assisted migration. Our data will provide valuable insight into the consequences of moving native seed out of its home climate. This project will directly involve undergraduates from the diverse population at UC Berkeley and the scientific process from this project will be disseminated to the public through the Flat Stanley @ Cal Project which pairs a paper doll sent in by a student with a scientist who writes about the "adventure" online.

有许多研究考察物种对平均条件变化的反应，但很少有研究考察物种对极端事件（如热浪）的反应。 极端事件通常是挑战物种超出其适应能力的短期事件。 在加州，热浪季节预计将增加多达13周，但目前还不清楚它是否会提前开始或晚些时候结束。 这两种可能性将对植物产生不同的影响，因为凉爽潮湿的春季突然出现的高温对植物的影响与干燥夏末的极端高温不同，此时植物已经适应了高温，但土壤水分可用性较低。 此外，由于加州各地的气候差异，物种的反应可能在其分布范围内不同，沿海地区受到高温的缓冲，其年度气候比内陆地区更稳定。 如果在气候稳定的地点发现的植物适应稳定的气候，它们可能会受到极端气候增加的不成比例的伤害。我们将确定是否响应热浪的变化在一个种群内，内陆和沿海种群之间，或遥远的种群之间更大。 我们将制造人工热浪，并测量这些事件前后幼苗的表现和压力，我们将研究自然发生的热浪对成年植物的影响。热浪对生物多样性构成严重威胁。 为了确定威胁的严重程度，并为保护和管理战略提供强有力的科学依据，我们必须预测对气候变化的反应。 这项拟议中的研究是第一批研究当地基因库对热浪反应的影响的研究。 人类适应气候变化的一个提议是协助移徙。 我们的数据将提供有价值的洞察力的后果，移动本地种子出其家乡的气候。 该项目将直接涉及来自加州大学伯克利分校不同人群的本科生，该项目的科学过程将通过Flat Stanley @ Cal项目向公众传播，该项目将学生发送的纸娃娃与在线撰写“冒险”的科学家配对。