Analysis of the Radiative Response of Clouds to El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Climate Fluctuations

云对厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（ENSO）气候波动的辐射响应分析

• 批准号: 1012665
• 负责人: Andrew Dessler
• 金额: $ 15.02万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-15 至 2013-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1012665&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Analysis; Radiative; Response; Clouds; El

Cloud feedbacks are an important regulator of Earth's climate, as changes in incoming solar and outgoing longwave radiation are expected to have an influence on clouds, and changes in clouds are expected to have further influences on atmospheric radiation. Such feedbacks are the most prominent source of differences between climate model projections of temperature increases due to increased greenhouse-gas concentrations from one model to another. However, the physics and dynamics which determine the sign and strength of cloud feedbacks are not well known, and it is difficult to measure such feedbacks in the real world and determine whether cloud feedbacks in climate models are represented accurately. In this project, cloud feedbacks accompanying El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are examined in observations and model output, so that ENSO events can be used to assess the fidelity of cloud feedbacks, and a better understanding of the factors determining cloud feedbacks can be achieved in a real-world context. Cloud feedbacks are determined from satellite observations, reanalysis products, and climate models, and attention is devoted to determining which meteorological variables are most important in determining the sign and strength of the feedback.The work has broader impacts due to the importance of cloud feedbacks as a source of uncertainty in climate model projections of the extent to which the Earth's temperature will increase due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. In addition, the work will support and train a graduate student, thereby promoting the next generation of scientists.

云的反馈是地球气候的一个重要调节器，因为入射太阳辐射和射出长波辐射的变化预计会对云产生影响，而云的变化预计会对大气辐射产生进一步的影响。 这种反馈是不同气候模式对温室气体浓度增加导致温度升高的预测之间差异的最主要来源。然而，确定云反馈的符号和强度的物理和动力学并不为人所知，很难在真实的世界中测量这种反馈，并确定气候模式中的云反馈是否准确地表示。 在这个项目中，伴随厄尔尼诺/南方涛动（ENSO）事件的云反馈在观测和模式输出中进行了检查，以便ENSO事件可以用来评估云反馈的保真度，并可以在现实世界的背景下更好地了解决定云反馈的因素。 云反馈是由卫星观测、再分析产品和气候模式确定的，并注意确定哪些气象变量在确定反馈的符号和强度方面最重要。由于云反馈作为气候模式预测地球温度将因温室气体增加而增加的程度的不确定性来源的重要性，这项工作具有更广泛的影响浓度的 此外，这项工作将支持和培训一名研究生，从而促进下一代科学家。