RAPID: Adding Energetic Particle and Magnetic Field Measurements to a Russian University Satellite Mission

这是一个为期一年的努力，开发和交付一个仪器包，包括磁通门磁强计（FGM），电子高能粒子探测器（EPDE）和离子高能质子探测器（EPDI），将在即将到来的莫斯科国立大学（MSU）卫星罗蒙诺索夫上飞行。这次合作的主要科学目标是更好地了解高能粒子散射到大气中的机制。该项目将提供沉淀电子和离子能谱的精确测量，这是以前的卫星任务尚未完成的。按计划，“罗蒙诺索夫”号将于2011年底发射到近地近极轨道，这是观测电子和离子沉降到大气中的理想地点。该项目的近地测量将补充现有和即将进行的任务（如NASA辐射带风暴探测任务）对赤道附近捕获的辐射带粒子的测量。总之，这些测量将有助于量化主要粒子的加速和损失机制，这决定了辐射带的动态演化。这些测量结果还将用于量化近地辐射环境全球预测模型的损失。粒子向大气的沉降率的知识将有助于提高对气球载仪器经常观测到的x射线爆发的理解，这被认为与相对论性电子沉降有关。密歇根州立大学和加州大学洛杉矶分校的学生培训是该项目的一个重要方面。加州大学洛杉矶分校的学生将参与制作、测试和校准将提供的粒子和场包。这次与密歇根州立大学的合作允许对新仪器和硬件进行飞行测试，预计将对未来的NSF和NASA任务非常有益。

This is a one-year effort to develop and deliver an instrument package consisting of a Flux Gate Magnetometer (FGM), an Energetic Particle Detector for Electrons (EPDE), and an Energetic Proton Detector for Ions (EPDI), which will be flown on the upcoming Moscow State University (MSU) satellite Lomonosov. The main scientific objective of this collaboration is to better understand the mechanisms responsible for scattering energetic particles into the atmosphere. The project will provide accurate measurements of the energy spectrum of precipitating electrons and ions that have not yet been accomplished by previous satellite missions. Lomonosov is planned to launch in late 2011 into a low-Earth, near-polar orbit, which is ideal for observing electrons and ions precipitating into the atmosphere. The near-Earth measurements from the project will complement measurements of trapped radiation belt particles near the Equator from existing and upcoming missions, such as the NASA Radiation Belt Storms Probe mission. Together these measurements will help quantify the dominant particle acceleration and loss mechanisms, which determines the dynamical evolution of the radiation belts. The measurements will also be used to quantify losses for global predictive models of the near-Earth radiation environment. Knowledge of particle precipitation rates to the atmosphere will help advance the understanding of X-ray bursts frequently observed by balloon-borne instruments, which are thought to be associated with relativistic electron precipitation. Student training both at MSU and UCLA is an important aspect of the project. UCLA students will be involved in the fabrication, testing, and calibration of the particle and field package to be provided. This collaboration with MSU allows for an in-flight test on new instruments and hardware that are expected to be highly beneficial to future NSF and NASA missions.