Collaborative Research: Landform controls on hydrologic flowpaths and pedogenesis explain solute retention and export from pedon to catchment scales

合作研究：地形对水文流路和成土作用的控制解释了溶质的保留和从土壤到流域尺度的输出

• 批准号: 1014507
• 负责人: Kevin McGuire
• 金额: $ 33.77万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1014507&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Landform; controls; hydrologic

Headwater catchments are inherently complex. The soils, subsoils, and geomorphic properties exhibit heterogeneity at different scales and stream chemistry draining these areas typically varies from one catchment to another in space and time. Yet these headwater catchments comprise the majority of the landscape and are responsible for setting the quality of water at a regional scale. The project is aimed at explaining the spatial and temporal variation in stream water chemistry at the headwater catchment scale using a hydropedological framework, i.e. the combined study of hydrology and soil development. This framework provides a functional basis for discretizing the catchment into similar regions that can be integrated to explain catchment runoff and water quality. Chemical reactions related to pedogenesis (soil development) that operate at scales from the pedon to hillslope record the geochemical signature reflective of the dominant hydrologic flowpaths and regulate the chemical quality of water draining hillslope soil sequences, ultimately setting stream chemistry. The way water chemically evolves along flowpaths in the landscape as it travels to the stream is strongly influenced by the soils through which it passes. In a small headwater catchment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, four subcatchments that have contrasting stream chemistry representative of forested streams throughout northern New England will be studied to examine how distinct patterns of soil development can be used to interpret sources of solutes in stream water. Flow pathways are predicted from landform shape, subsoil type (hydrologic restriction zones) and soil development sequences determined by soil extraction chemistry. Along these pathways, artificial tracer experiments, geochemical patterns, and isotopic geochemical tracers will be used to predict the patterns and processes of solute transport that generates streamflow in each subcatchment and forms the integrated response of the entire catchment. The overall goal of the project is to develop a predictive model of landform control on hydrologic flowpaths and pedogensis that explains solute retention and export from pedon to hillslope to catchment scales. The project will demonstrate how hydrology strongly influences soil development and soil chemistry, and in turn, controls stream water quality in headwater catchments. Understanding the linkages between hydrology and soil development can provide valuable information for managing forests and stream water quality. Feedbacks between soils and hydrology that lead to predictable landscape patterns of soil chemistry have implications for understanding spatial gradients in site productivity and suitability for species with differing habitat requirements or chemical sensitivity. Tools are needed that identify and predict these gradients that can ultimately provide guidance for land management and silvicultural decision making. Better integration among soil science, hydrology, and biogeochemistry will provide the conceptual leap needed by the hydrologic community to be able to better predict and explain temporal and spatial variability of stream water quality and understand water sources contributing to streamflow.

源头流域本质上是复杂的。土壤、底土和地貌特性在不同尺度上表现出异质性，并且排水这些区域的河流化学通常在空间和时间上因流域而异。 然而，这些源头集水区构成了大部分景观，并负责确定区域范围内的水质。 该项目旨在利用水文学框架，即水文学和土壤发育的综合研究，解释源头流域规模的溪流水化学的时空变化。 该框架为将流域离散为类似区域提供了功能基础，这些区域可以整合以解释流域径流和水质。 与成土（土壤发育）相关的化学反应在从山地到山坡的尺度上进行，记录了反映主要水文流路的地球化学特征，并调节排水山坡土壤序列的化学质量，最终决定了河流化学。 当水流向溪流时，水沿着景观中的流动路径化学演化的方式受到其所经过的土壤的强烈影响。 在哈伯德溪实验森林的一个小型水源流域中，将对四个子流域进行研究，这些子流域具有代表整个新英格兰北部森林溪流的对比溪流化学，以研究如何使用不同的土壤发育模式来解释溪流水中溶质的来源。 根据地形形状、底土类型（水文限制区）和土壤提取化学确定的土壤发育顺序来预测流动路径。 沿着这些路径，人工示踪剂实验、地球化学模式和同位素地球化学示踪剂将用于预测溶质输送的模式和过程，这些溶质输送在每个子流域中产生水流并形成整个流域的综合响应。 该项目的总体目标是开发一个对水文流动路径和成土作用的地形控制的预测模型，解释溶质的保留和从山坡到流域尺度的输出。 该项目将展示水文学如何强烈影响土壤发育和土壤化学，进而控制源头流域的溪流水质。 了解水文学和土壤发育之间的联系可以为管理森林和溪流水质提供有价值的信息。 土壤和水文之间的反馈导致了可预测的土壤化学景观模式，这对于理解场地生产力的空间梯度以及具有不同栖息地要求或化学敏感性的物种的适宜性具有重要意义。 需要识别和预测这些梯度的工具，最终为土地管理和造林决策提供指导。 土壤科学、水文学和生物地球化学之间的更好整合将为水文学界提供所需的概念飞跃，以便能够更好地预测和解释溪流水质的时间和空间变化，并了解影响溪流的水源。

项目成果

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 3 Subsurface Water Chemistry

哈伯德布鲁克实验森林：分水岭 3 地下水化学

• DOI: 10.6073/pasta/fe2c54e0c7d8c43f20c2b200555ca1f5
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Environmental Data Initiative
• 作者: Bailey, Scott W.;Gannon, John P.;McGuire, Kevin J.;Pardo, Linda H.
• 通讯作者: Pardo, Linda H.

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Watershed 3 Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

哈伯德布鲁克实验林：分水岭 3 饱和水力电导率

• DOI: 10.6073/pasta/b40546b191ccfbc603b4107122e019c8
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Environmental Data Initiative
• 作者: McGuire, Kevin J;Bailey, Scott W;Gannon, JP;Benton, Josh R
• 通讯作者: Benton, Josh R

Water level recordings from wells in Watershed 3 at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, 2007 - present

哈伯德布鲁克实验森林分水岭 3 井水位记录，2007 年至今

• DOI: 10.6073/pasta/a7b6b61df98b65244eba64d8bc391582
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Environmental Data Initiative
• 作者: McGuire, Kevin;Bailey, Scott;Gannon, John
• 通讯作者: Gannon, John

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: 5 meter LiDAR-derived Topographic Metrics, 2018

哈伯德布鲁克实验森林：5 米 LiDAR 导出的地形指标，2018 年

• DOI: 10.6073/pasta/a24417c8e5a0dc97e35c114e3a1518f2
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Environmental Data Initiative
• 作者: Fraser, Olivia;McGuire, Kevin J;Bailey, Scott W.
• 通讯作者: Bailey, Scott W.