Collaborative Research: Understanding the Role of Landcover and Landform in the Spatial Organization of Orographic Clouds and Rainfall

合作研究:了解土地覆盖和地貌在地形云和降雨空间组织中的作用

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0711430
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 39.49万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2007-09-01 至 2013-09-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Mountains supply freshwater for over 60% of the world's population making the location and timing of orographic precipitation crucial in determining the availability and utility of water resources and ecosystem services. Montane systems also harbor Earth's most important biodiversity hotspots, and species and ecosystem responses to climate variability and change in these regions are critically dependent on cloud and precipitation regime. The objective of this proposal is to investigate whether and how landform and landcover modulate the spatial and temporal variability of orographic clouds and precipitation in tropical high mountains, a high priority area for biodiversity conservation and human water supply. The central research hypothesis is that evapotranspiration is a critical source of moisture to the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) either locally and, or remotely via moist transport by diurnal mountain-valley circulations, lowering the cloud base at high elevations during the afternoon, and enhancing thermodynamic instability at locations in the landscape where precipitable water and CAPE (Convective Available Potential Energy) attain collocated night-time maxima. Spatial patterns in the organization of clouds and precipitation should therefore be explained by the spatial variability of vegetation and soil moisture patterns on altitudinal gradients, and by how this translates into the spatial variability of the diurnal cycle of latent heating fluxes between the land surface and the lower troposphere. To evaluate this hypothesis, the research will focus on a tropical montane cloud forest in the Central Andes in Peru, leveraging on ongoing multidisciplinary, multi-institutional ecological research by the Andes Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group (ABERG) that includes the University of Edinburgh and Oxford University in the UK, and FIT, Wake Forest and Duke Universities among others in the US.ABERG has installed a large array of vegetation plots and associated ecosystem function measurements centered on the Kosnipata Valley, extending from the high Andes into the Amazonian lowlands. The plot network is anchored by a series of 21 mapped, measured, and vouchered 1 ha tree plots comprising ~15,000 stems. These plots are embedded in an array of existing weather stations and data loggers ranging from 3450m to 250m. The hectare plots also form the basis of an intensive ecosystem function experiment, with plots along the main transect having dendrometers on 20% of the trees chosen in a stratified random sample. Subsets of plots are also studied for leaf, fruit, and fine root productivity, forest structure and leaf area index, and are instrumented to log soil moisture, understory and canopy light levels, rainfall, winds velocity and direction. Carbon-cycle measurements on photosynthesis, leaf, stem, and soil respiration are also taken at these plots. An intensive hydrological study plot at 3000m is also instrumented for throughfall, stemflow, and cloud interception measurements. The investigation relies on diagnostic process studies integrating satellite products and surface observations from existing and augmented networks to survey the space-time relationships between hydro-eco-geomorphologic regimes and cloudiness. High-resolution simulations (1km or less) using a coupled land-atmosphere, non-hydrostatic, cloud-resolving model will be used to investigate the physical linkages among the spatial patterns of topography, vegetation, soil moisture and the diurnal cycle of monsoon rainfall in the central Andes at the valley-ridge scale. Specifically, the following science questions will be addressed: (1) What is the contribution of evapotranspiration to the diurnal cycle of the energy budget of the lower troposphere in tropical mountainous regions? How does it vary spatially with elevation and landform (ridges versus valleys, windward versus leeward slopes, foothills versus high peaks)? (2) How does transversal (lateral) mountain variability in the spatial arrangement of landform and vegetation affect the diurnal cycle of convective activity and precipitation during the monsoon? (3) What is the relationship between the observed multi-scaling behavior of cloud fields from satellite imagery and the dominant spatial scales of convective activity associated with topography and, or land-use/land-cover patterns? (4) How can the current trends of land-use/land-cover change, and in particular deforestation and extension of agricultural activity to the highlands, change the water cycle in tropical mountainous regions? What are the consequences of these changes for the long-term sustainability of tropical mountain ecosystems and water resources? Though in the tropics, the outcomes of this work are relevant for mid-latitude mountainous regions, especially the western US where orographic precipitation (rain and snowfall) is the dominant freshwater resource. Finally, the study area is undergoing strong land-use change from anthropogenic eradication of the natural tree line, and from the construction of the inter-oceanic highway. The research findings should lead to an improved science basis for sustainable environmental planning and adaptation to climate climate variability and change in mountainous regions.
山区为世界60%以上的人口提供淡水,因此地形降水的位置和时间对于确定水资源和生态系统服务的可用性和利用至关重要。山地系统还拥有地球上最重要的生物多样性热点地区,这些地区的物种和生态系统对气候变率和变化的响应严重依赖于云和降水制度。本研究的目的是研究地形和土地覆盖是否以及如何调节热带高山地形云和降水的时空变化。热带高山是生物多样性保护和人类供水的重点区域。研究的核心假设是,蒸发蒸腾是大气边界层(ABL)的关键水分来源,可以是局地的,也可以是远距离的,通过昼夜山谷环流的湿润输送,降低了下午高海拔地区的云底,并增强了可降水量和对流有效势能(CAPE)在夜间同时达到最大值的地区的热力学不稳定性。因此,云和降水组织的空间格局应通过植被和土壤水分格局在高度梯度上的空间变异性,以及如何将其转化为陆地表面和对流层下层之间的潜在热通量日循环的空间变异性来解释。为了评估这一假设,研究将重点放在秘鲁安第斯山脉中部的热带山地云雾林上,利用安第斯山脉生物多样性和生态系统研究小组(ABERG)正在进行的多学科、多机构生态研究,该小组包括英国爱丁堡大学和牛津大学,以及美国FIT、维克森林大学和杜克大学等。ABERG以科斯尼帕塔山谷为中心,从安第斯山脉延伸到亚马逊低地,安装了大量的植被样地和相关的生态系统功能测量。该地块网络由一系列21个绘制、测量和担保的1公顷树木地块锚定,其中包括约15,000根茎。这些地块嵌入在现有气象站和数据记录仪的阵列中,范围从3450米到250米。公顷的地块也构成了密集生态系统功能实验的基础,沿着主要样带的地块在分层随机样本中选择的20%的树木上安装了树木计。还研究了样地子集的叶、果、细根生产力、森林结构和叶面积指数,并利用仪器记录土壤湿度、林下和冠层光照水平、降雨量、风速和风向。在这些样地还进行了光合作用、叶片、茎和土壤呼吸的碳循环测量。此外,还在3000米高度进行了密集的水文研究,进行了穿透、茎流和云拦截测量。调查依赖于诊断过程研究,结合卫星产品和来自现有和增强网络的地面观测,以调查水文生态地貌制度与云量之间的时空关系。采用陆地-大气耦合、非流体静力学、云分辨模式的高分辨率模拟(1公里或以下)将用于在山谷-山脊尺度上研究安第斯山脉中部地形、植被、土壤湿度和季风降雨日循环的空间格局之间的物理联系。具体而言,将解决以下科学问题:(1)热带山区对流层低层能量收支的日循环中蒸散发的贡献是什么?它是如何随着海拔和地形(山脊vs山谷,迎风坡vs背风坡,山麓vs高峰)而在空间上变化的?(2)山地横向(侧向)变异性在地形和植被空间布局上如何影响季风期间对流活动和降水的日循环?(3)从卫星图像观测到的云场多尺度行为与与地形和或土地利用/土地覆盖模式相关的对流活动的主要空间尺度之间的关系是什么?(4)目前土地利用/土地覆盖变化的趋势,特别是森林砍伐和农业活动向高地的扩展,如何改变热带山区的水循环?这些变化对热带山地生态系统和水资源的长期可持续性有何影响?虽然在热带地区,这项工作的结果与中纬度山区有关,特别是美国西部,那里的地形降水(降雨和降雪)是主要的淡水资源。最后,研究区正经历着人为破坏自然林线和海洋间高速公路建设的强烈土地利用变化。研究结果可为山区可持续环境规划和适应气候变率和变化提供科学依据。

项目成果

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Ana Barros其他文献

Epoxidation of Residual Soybean Oil and Thermal Characterization of Residual Epoxidized Soybean Oil Crosslinked with Fumaric Acid
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s10924-024-03457-5
  • 发表时间:
    2024-11-19
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.000
  • 作者:
    José Barreto;Carlos Luna;Nicole Soares;Matheus Souza;Ana Barros;Amanda Araújo;Elieber Bezerra;Edcleide Araújo;Renate Wellen
  • 通讯作者:
    Renate Wellen
Efeitos do tributilestanho ( TBT ) ao nível vascular Tributyltin ( TBT ) effects at a vascular level
Efeitos do tributilestanho ( TBT ) ao nível 血管 三丁基锡 ( TBT ) 对血管水平的影响
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2016
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Ana Barros;Efeitos do tributilestanho;Alexandra Leite Velho;M. Barroso;A. Cristovao;Ana Catarina Almeida Sousa
  • 通讯作者:
    Ana Catarina Almeida Sousa
Guidelines for a cancer prevention smartphone application: A mixed-methods study
癌症预防智能手机应用指南:混合方法研究
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2016
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Nuno Ribeiro;L. Moreira;Ana Barros;A. M. Almeida;Filipe Santos
  • 通讯作者:
    Filipe Santos
Toward Optimal Rainfall for Flood Prediction in Headwater Basins—Orographic QPE Error Modeling Using Machine Learning
实现源头流域洪水预测的最佳降雨量 — 使用机器学习进行地形 QPE 误差建模
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.4
  • 作者:
    Mochi Liao;Ana Barros
  • 通讯作者:
    Ana Barros
BARRIERS TO OPERATIONAL FLOOD FORECASTING IN COMPLEX TERRAIN: FROM PRECIPITATION FORECASTS TO PROBABILISTIC FLOOD FORECAST MAPPING AT SHORT LEAD TIMES
复杂地形中洪水预报业务的障碍:从降水预报到短时间内概率性洪水预报绘图
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    L. Bacelar;Arezoo ReifeeiNasab;Nathaniel Chaney;Ana Barros
  • 通讯作者:
    Ana Barros

Ana Barros的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Ana Barros', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: RAPID - Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology 2014 (IPHEx) - Enhancing Coupled Observations of the Land-Atmosphere System and Educational Opportunities
合作研究:RAPID - 综合降水和水文学 2014 (IPHEx) - 加强陆地-大气系统的耦合观测和教育机会
  • 批准号:
    1442039
  • 财政年份:
    2014
  • 资助金额:
    $ 39.49万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
CNH-Ex: Balancing Water Needs and Water Uses for Humans and Nature
CNH-Ex:平衡人类和自然的用水需求和用水
  • 批准号:
    1313799
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 39.49万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: ITR: Framework for Optimal Merging of Multi-sensor Spatial Data and Multi-model, Multi-analysis Ensemble Forecasts of Heavy Precipitation and Floods
合作研究:ITR:强降水和洪水多传感器空间数据和多模型、多分析集合预报的优化合并框架
  • 批准号:
    0433069
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 39.49万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: ITR: Framework for Optimal Merging of Multi-sensor Spatial Data and Multi-model, Multi-analysis Ensemble Forecasts of Heavy Precipitation and Floods
合作研究:ITR:强降水和洪水多传感器空间数据和多模型、多分析集合预报的优化合并框架
  • 批准号:
    0312133
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助金额:
    $ 39.49万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Geomorphic-Geodynamic Coupling at the Orogen Scale: A Himalayan Transect in Central Nepal
合作研究:造山带尺度的地貌-地球动力耦合:尼泊尔中部喜马拉雅断面
  • 批准号:
    9909498
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    $ 39.49万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Integrated Hydrologic Analysis for Flood Forecasting and Control
洪水预报和控制的综合水文分析
  • 批准号:
    0196005
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助金额:
    $ 39.49万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
POWRE: Laboratory Experiments of Wind-Raindrop Interactions
POWRE:风雨滴相互作用的实验室实验
  • 批准号:
    0049054
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助金额:
    $ 39.49万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
POWRE: Laboratory Experiments of Wind-Raindrop Interactions
POWRE:风雨滴相互作用的实验室实验
  • 批准号:
    9753093
  • 财政年份:
    1997
  • 资助金额:
    $ 39.49万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Integrated Hydrologic Analysis for Flood Forecasting and Control
洪水预报和控制的综合水文分析
  • 批准号:
    9501958
  • 财政年份:
    1995
  • 资助金额:
    $ 39.49万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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