Selected Studies of the Atmosphere with an Emphasis on Air Quality in China and on Prospects for Wind and Solar Energy as Potential Future Substitutes for Fossil Fuel

这个项目的目的是加深对中国快速工业化的重要性和后果的理解，不仅对中国的环境，而且对整个世界的环境。中国现在是世界上最大的二氧化碳排放国，也很可能在二氧化硫和氮氧化物的排放量方面领先。这项研究将对影响中国臭氧(O3)和其他重要化学物种丰度的过程进行研究，广泛使用GEOS-Chem三维模型，其中包括使用2004年与清华大学密云同事合作建立的观测站的测量数据来源，密云是北京东北约100公里的一个农村地区。自2004年12月以来，该站点提供了关于臭氧、一氧化碳和二氧化碳的基本连续的数据，最近又连续测量了NO、NOY和SO2。应对当前和未来潜在气候变化的挑战被认为是一项具有全球意义的目标。最终结果在很大程度上将取决于中国所做的发展决策。这里概述的研究将纳入哈佛大学一个更大的多学科项目，该项目与中国的机构和同事合作，寻求为未来发展寻找最佳的可持续发展道路。这项研究的结果将被整合到哈佛大学本科生和研究生的培训和教学中，并将及时发表在专业科学文献中。

This project is intended to improve understanding of the importance and consequences of rapid industrialization in China not only for the environment of China but also for the environment of the world as a whole. China is now the world's largest national emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2) and leads most likely also in emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). This research will implement studies of the processes affecting the abundance of ozone (O3) and other important chemical species in China, making extensive use of the GEOS-Chem 3-dimensional model applying the model to, among other sources of data, measurements from an observing station established in 2004 in collaboration with colleagues at Tsinghua University at Miyun, a rural site located approximately 100 km northeast of Beijing. Essentially continuous data on O3, CO (carbon monoxide) and CO2 are available from this site since December, 2004, complemented more recently by continuous measurements of NO, NOy and SO2. Addressing the challenge of potential present and future climate change is recognized as a globally significant objective. The ultimate outcome will depend in large measure on development decisions made in China. The research outlined here will feed into a larger multi-disciplinary program at Harvard conducted in collaboration with Chinese institutions and colleagues seeking to identify optimal sustainable paths for future development. The results of this research will be integrated into the training and teaching of both undergraduate and graduate students at Harvard and will be published in a timely basis in the professional scientific literature.