Radar applications to studies of winds, severe weather, temperatures, meteors, and space travel in the atmosphere.

雷达应用于研究风、恶劣天气、温度、流星和大气中的太空旅行。

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-04242
• 负责人: Hocking, Wayne
• 金额: $ 3.64万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=690112
• 关键词: Radar; applications; studies; winds; severe

Over the last 25 years, I have built up networks of research radars with both Canadian national as well as international coverage. These comprise a network of windprofiler radars within Canada for meteorological and weather-forecasting studies, and a network of meteor radars which span the Americas almost from pole to pole, including sites in the Arctic and Antarctica. They have been used, for example, in studies of weather, ozone transport, atmospheric waves and examination of severe weather like tornadoes. I have written key papers on buoyancy wave momentum flux forcing of the mean state, new radar designs using digital technology, analysis methods, large-scale diffusion in the stratosphere, polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE), and the internal structure of meteor trails.***In the next 5 years, I wish to truly capitalize on these radar networks. My objective is to continue working on various diverse but important areas of research, within the dual overlying themes of (i) radar methods and (ii) studies of lower- and middle-atmosphere dynamics. While this broad approach could be seen to be extensive, I have shown my ability to handle a wide range of topics efficiently and effectively [e.g., reference R16].***A unifying theme of these studies is the role of the middle atmosphere in space travel. Spacecraft must be launched through the middle troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere in order to reach space, and the winds, temperatures, turbulence strengths, buoyancy wave composition and general atmospheric structure in this region must be well understood in order to make safe launches. An example is the Space Shuttle Columbia incident in [e.g., Hocking et al., 2003; R27], in which the shuttle appears to have passed through an inversion layer just prior to its disintegration: while not the main cause of the accident, it may have exacerbated it. Recent interest in commercial space flight (e.g. SpaceX), including plans to fly between continents through lower space, have made real-time prediction of middle atmosphere conditions more vital.***Anticipated outcomes include: further integration of our windprofiler winds into numerical models, more frequent real-time web updates of current conditions, enhancement of our ability to study and forewarn of tornadoes, radar windprofiler comparisons with European Space Agency (ESA) ADM-Aeolus mission (http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Aeolus), buoyancy wave measurements of upper atmospheric forcing, diffusion processes in the stratosphere and mesosphere, PMSE investigation, and measurement of mesospheric ozone densities using radar. ***Key benefits include better forecasting capabilities in upper atmosphere dynamics (especially turbulence, waves, bores, and inversion events), thereby leading to improved safety for both stratospheric flight and spacecraft launches, and better warnings of severe weather events at the surface.**

在过去的25年里，我建立了加拿大国内和国际范围的研究雷达网络。这些包括加拿大境内用于气象和天气预报研究的风廓线雷达网络，以及横跨美洲几乎从极点到极点的流星雷达网络，包括北极和南极洲的站点。例如，它们已被用于研究天气、臭氧传输、大气波和龙卷风等恶劣天气。在平均态浮力波动量通量强迫、利用数字技术的新型雷达设计、分析方法、平流层大尺度扩散、极地中间层夏季回波（PMSE）、流星轨迹内部结构等方面发表重点论文。***未来5年，我希望真正利用这些雷达网络。我的目标是在(i)雷达方法和（ii）低层和中层大气动力学研究的双重重叠主题范围内，继续从事各种不同但重要的研究领域。虽然这种广泛的方法可能被认为是广泛的，但我已经展示了我有效地处理广泛主题的能力[例如，参考文献R16]。这些研究的一个统一主题是中层大气在太空旅行中的作用。航天器到达太空必须经过对流层、平流层和中间层，必须了解该区域的风、温度、湍流强度、浮力波组成和大气总体结构，才能安全发射。一个例子是哥伦比亚号航天飞机事件[例如，hockking等人，2003；[27]，其中航天飞机似乎在解体之前穿过了逆温层：虽然不是事故的主要原因，但它可能加剧了事故。最近对商业太空飞行（如SpaceX）的兴趣，包括通过低空间在大陆之间飞行的计划，使得实时预测中层大气状况变得更加重要。***预期结果包括：将风廓线仪进一步整合到数值模型中，更频繁地实时更新当前状况，增强我们研究和预警龙卷风的能力，与欧洲航天局（ESA）的雷达风廓线仪进行比较（http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Aeolus），高空大气强迫的浮力波测量，平流层和中间层的扩散过程，PMSE调查，以及利用雷达测量中间层臭氧密度。***主要的好处包括对高层大气动力学（特别是湍流、波浪、钻孔和逆温事件）有更好的预报能力，从而提高平流层飞行和航天器发射的安全性，并对地面恶劣天气事件有更好的预警