Collaborative Research: The Comparative Genetics of Wing Pattern Diversity in Mimetic Butterflies

阐明自然种群适应的遗传基础对于理解生物多样性的起源至关重要。一个特别重要的问题是，在不同物种中，相同基因的变化是否构成了相似适应的独立进化的基础。蝴蝶展示了大量的翅膀图案，但这种多样性似乎是在一个保守的发展地面计划上变化的结果。该合作项目将采用一种结合传统实验杂交和现代基因组学进步的新策略，对黑凤蝶、Limenitis和Papilio蝴蝶颜色图案的遗传基础进行表征。这种方法将使研究人员能够确定每个物种中负责翅膀图案的特定基因，并直接测试一组核心基因控制所有蝴蝶翅膀图案的假设。翅膀图案多样性在整个蝴蝶系统发育中广泛存在，为探索一个已经进化和辐射了1亿年的群体的适应性、图案、并行性和趋同性的遗传和进化提供了无与伦比的机会。该项目将通过综合和全面的方式研究不同的谱系如何在类似的选择压力下产生相似的形态，从而大大扩展目前对机会和约束如何相互作用以产生生物多样性的理解。该项目还将对培养博士后研究人员、研究生和本科生以及面向小学、初中和高中学生的科学推广产生各种重要的更广泛的影响。

Elucidating the genetic basis of adaptations in natural populations is central to understanding the origins of biological diversity. One issue of particular importance is whether changes in the same genes underlie the independent evolution of similar adaptations in different species. Butterflies display a massive array of wing patterns, but much of this diversity appears to be a result of variations on a conserved developmental ground plan. This collaborative project will characterize the genetic basis of color patterning across Heliconius, Limenitis, and Papilio butterflies using a novel strategy that combines traditional experimental crosses with modern advances in genomics. This approach will allow the researchers to identify the specific genes responsible for wing patterning in each species and directly test the hypothesis that a core set of genes controls wing patterning across all butterflies. Wing pattern diversity is widespread across the entire butterfly phylogeny, providing an unparalleled opportunity to explore the genetics and evolution of adaptation, patterning, parallelism, and convergence across a group that has been evolving and radiating for 100 million years. This project will significantly expand the current understanding of how chance and constraint interact to generate biological diversity by examining, in an integrated and comprehensive way, how diverse lineages generate similar morphologies in response to similar selective pressures. This project will also have a variety of important broader impacts related to the training of post-doctoral researchers, graduate students, and undergraduate students, as well as scientific outreach aimed at elementary, middle, and high school students.