STS Post Doctoral Fellowship: From Morphology to DNA: Metagenomics and its Impacts on Species-Based Conservation Science and Policy

STS 博士后奖学金：从形态学到 DNA：宏基因组学及其对基于物种的保护科学和政策的影响

• 批准号: 1361643
• 负责人: Anne Pringle
• 金额: $ 0.4万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1361643&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: STS; Post; Doctoral; Fellowship; Morphology

Description of researchThis research generates a series of observations about the work mycologists are doing to reconcile new and old species concepts within biology and the larger biodiversity conservation community. Mycologists are discovering new species that are only identified through DNA sequencing. Using a mixed methods, multi-sited project approach, this project follows scientists in the field, the laboratory, and at international conference settings; as they encounter, process, package, name, classify, and ultimately give biological value to the genetic sequences determined to represent unique organisms and species. Examining the practices of knowledge production simultaneously at multiple scales shows increasing points of tension between the biological scientists and those focused on species conservation as the biologists promote the idea of preserving fungal diversity.. Microbial conservation lags far behind floral and faunal conservation worldwide. Is it worth preserving all or some of this rapidly increasing numbers of species that are not observable to humans without the use of special technologies?. Broader Impact A constructivist approach to microbial diversity has the potential to transform our understanding of the roles of genetics, scientific nomenclature, and bioinformatics in biodiversity conservation. Specifically, this research builds on an ongoing collaboration across the natural and social sciences, and engages with and contributes to three fields: mycology, science and technology studies, and geography. It will (1) establish training guidelines for interdisciplinary scholars to work at the interface of microbiology, conservation biology, and policy; (2) increase interdisciplinary cross-talk and collaboration among disciplines of geography, mycology, and conservation biology; (3) and generate policy recommendations about how to use new kinds of statistical and genetic data in conservation policy.

这项研究产生了一系列关于真菌学家正在做的工作的观察，以调和生物学和更大的生物多样性保护社区内的新旧物种概念。真菌学家正在发现只能通过DNA测序识别的新物种。 该项目采用混合方法，多地点项目方法，跟踪实地，实验室和国际会议环境中的科学家;当他们遇到，处理，包装，命名，分类并最终赋予决定代表独特生物体和物种的遗传序列生物学价值时。同时在多个尺度上检查知识生产的实践表明，随着生物学家促进保护真菌多样性的想法，生物科学家和那些专注于物种保护的人之间的紧张关系越来越多。微生物保护远远落后于世界范围内的动植物保护。如果不使用特殊技术，人类就无法观察到这些数量迅速增加的物种，是否值得全部或部分地加以保护？微生物多样性的建构主义方法有可能改变我们对遗传学、科学命名法和生物信息学在生物多样性保护中的作用的理解。具体而言，这项研究建立在自然科学和社会科学的持续合作基础上，并参与和贡献于三个领域：真菌学，科学和技术研究以及地理学。它将（1）为跨学科学者在微生物学，保护生物学和政策的界面上工作建立培训指导方针;（2）增加地理学，真菌学和保护生物学学科之间的跨学科交流和合作;（3）并就如何在保护政策中使用新型统计和遗传数据提出政策建议。