Evolutionary and Developmental Mechanisms of Embryo Dormancy in Rice

姓名（N）：古兴友提案编号：IOS-1021382提案标题：水稻胚休眠的进化和发育机制驯化野生近缘谷类作物减少了种子休眠，这可能是由胚内的固有限制（胚休眠）或由覆盖胚的限制性组织（外套强加的休眠）造成的。从杂草稻中分离出一个被命名为qSD 12的基因组小区域，已知其含有一个或多个控制胚休眠的基因。基于图位的克隆已经确定了qSD 12的两个候选基因。该项目旨在确定候选基因的功能、起源、分化和分布，并确定在水稻模型系统中调控胚休眠发育的qSD 12下游基因网络。候选基因的等基因系和几种方法，如互补，单倍型和转录组学分析，将用于实现这些目标。该项目预计将指定一个或两个候选基因的胚胎休眠功能，揭示休眠基因是否在水稻驯化之前或之后分化，栽培水稻物种和亚种是否起源于不同的功能突变，并提供直接的分子和生理途径的知识，天然存在的基因调节胚胎休眠。该项目的更广泛的影响包括：1）为研究生，本科生和高中学生和教师提供生物学和农业课程的实践培训; 2）跨学科合作，利用休眠基因培育抗收获前发芽的品种，并测试正交基因调节其他草的休眠和发芽的假设。

Name: Xing-You GuProposal number: IOS-1021382Title of the proposal: Evolutionary and developmental mechanisms of embryo dormancy in rice Domestication of cereal crops from wild relatives has reduced seed dormancy, which can be imposed by inherent constraints within the embryo (embryo dormancy) or by restrictive tissues covering the embryo (coat-imposed dormancy). A small region of the genome designated as qSD12 has been isolated from weedy rice and is known to contain one or more genes that control embryo dormancy. Map-based cloning has identified two candidate genes for qSD12. The project aims to determine the function, origin, differentiation, and distribution of the candidates and to identify qSD12 downstream gene networks that regulate the development of embryo dormancy in the rice model system. Isogenic lines for the candidate genes and several approaches, such as complementation, haplotype, and transcriptomic analyses, will be used to achieve these objectives. The project is expected to assign one or two of the candidate genes to the function of embryo dormancy, reveal whether the dormancy gene(s) differentiated before or after the rice domestication, whether cultivated rice species and subspecies originated from different functional mutations, and provide direct knowledge of molecular and physiological pathways through which the naturally occurring gene regulates embryo dormancy. The broader impacts of the project include: 1) practical training for graduate, undergraduate, and high school students and teachers in biology and agricultural programs; and 2) interdisciplinary collaborations to use the dormancy gene for breeding varieties resistant to pre-harvest sprouting and to test the hypothesis that orthologous genes regulate dormancy and germination in other grasses.