Collaborative Research: Greenland melt water Geomicrobiology

格陵兰冰盖(GRIS)是北极最大的淡水水库。GRIS的融化正在增加，向北冰洋输送了大量淡水。GRIS下面的微生物群落的性质和组成尚不清楚，但最近的研究证明，在其他冰下环境和GRIS冰本身中存在有活性的微生物群落，这表明它们对化学风化过程具有潜在的重要性。这个项目将描述GRIS的特征？研究微生物对格陵兰西部GRIS边缘岩石圈风化和营养通量的影响。假设冰川热体制和基岩岩性是冰下细菌群落的主要决定因素，而细菌群落反过来调节营养物质的释放和风化速率。Thule和Kangerlusuaq地区的研究地点涵盖了西格陵兰岛的两种主要岩性。这项研究结合了最先进的微生物学、生物地球化学技术，以及河流和气候参数的数据记录，以检查冰川融化水。预计地球资源信息系统的融化将对全球生物地球化学循环、海洋生态和大气二氧化碳产生重大影响。预计GRIS冰下微生物将在从岩石圈中动员元素方面发挥重要作用。关于GRIS微生物(细菌、古生菌和真核生物)多样性产生的数据将初步评估GRIS下水生生境中的微生物丰富度和多样性。主要目标是研究生物多样性和微生物对地球化学过程和养分释放的贡献，这项研究还将提供关于生命对迄今未被研究的冰下环境的低温适应的洞察。与WISSARD(Whillams Ice Stream冰下通道研究钻探)项目的协同关系将为格陵兰和西南极冰盖下生物多样性的两极比较提供机会。提供全球资源信息系统发布的融水(特别是碳、铁和微量营养物质)和沉积物的化学成分和通量的数据，将为评估全球生物地球化学模型中的潜在反馈提供一个框架。两个融化季节的详细测量将为GRIS的概念模型提供基本数据？冰下微生物环境。

The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is the largest freshwater reservoir in the Arctic. Melting of the GrIS is increasing, delivering large amounts of freshwater to the Arctic Ocean. The nature and composition of microbial communities below the GrIS are not known, but recent studies have documented the presence of viable microbial communities in other subglacial environments and within the GrIS ice itself, indicating their potential importance for chemical weathering processes. This project will characterize GrIS? subglacial microbial communities to investigate the effect of microbes on lithospheric weathering and nutrient fluxes from the GrIS margin in West Greenland. The hypothesis is that the glacial thermal regime and bedrock lithology are the primary determinants of the subglacial bacterial communities, which in turn mediate nutrient release and weathering rates. Study sites in the Thule and Kangerlusuaq areas cover two major lithologies of West Greenland. The study combines state-of-the art microbiological, biogeochemical techniques, and datalogging of stream and climate parameters, to examine glacial meltwater. It is anticipated that the melting of the GrIS will have large effects on global biogeochemical cycles, ocean ecology, and atmospheric CO2. GrIS subglacial microbes are anticipated to play an important role in mobilizing elements from the lithosphere. Data generated on the diversity of GrIS microbes (Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya) will provide an initial assessment of microbial richness and diversity in aquatic habitats beneath the GrIS. The primary objective is to examine the biodiversity and microbial contribution to geochemical processes and nutrient release, and this study will also provide insight into low temperature adaptation of life in and to a hitherto unexamined subglacial environment. A synergistic relationship with the WISSARD (Whillams Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) project will provide the opportunity for a bipolar comparison of biodiversity beneath the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets. Providing data of chemical composition and fluxes of meltwater (particularly carbon, iron and trace nutrients) and sediments released by the GrIS will provide a framework to assess potential feedbacks in global biogeochemical models. Detailed measurements over two melting seasons will provide fundamental data towards a conceptual model of GrIS? subglacial microbial environments.