Collaborative Research: Aerosol concentrations, sources, and transport pathways within the Arctic polar dome during recent millennia

气溶胶在气候强迫中的作用是重要的，但了解甚少。该项目的主要目标是（1）开发独特的高时间分辨率、千年规模的生物质燃烧、灰尘、火山、工业污染记录，和海盐气溶胶的北极极地圆顶内的两个冰芯网站和（2）使用新的和杠杆式的大气环流模式（GCM）和其他模型来解释这些和类似的冰芯记录从极地圆顶以外，以更好地了解源区域和气溶胶的传输途径，北极及其气候和环境影响。将以高深度分辨率对这些气溶胶的35种元素和化学成分进行测量（每年50次测量）来自北极两侧两个海拔较低地点的存档冰芯：哥本哈根大学于2006年从格陵兰岛东北部的Flade Isblink冰帽收集的430米冰芯和阿尔弗雷德韦格纳研究所（AWI）收集的724米冰芯在1999年到2001年从Akademii Nauk冰帽在俄罗斯北极。这些测量结果是基于最近发表的对较浅冰芯进行类似分析的结果。Flade Isblink将提供北冰洋北大西洋部分对流层低层气溶胶的3500年记录-这是一个对北极海冰变化特别敏感的地区-而Akademii Nauk将提供北方欧亚大陆过去气溶胶的3000年记录，以及来自东亚的灰尘和污染物。通过将仪器记录扩展到最近几个世纪和几千年，新一代的冰芯记录，加上模型模拟，将改变对半球大气环流，气溶胶输送的最近和全新世晚期变化的理解，以及气候和气溶胶之间的反馈。

The role of aerosols in climate forcing is significant but poorly understood. The primary goals of this project are to (1) develop unique high-time-resolution, millennial-scale records of biomass burning, dust, volcanic, industrial pollution, and sea salt aerosols for two ice core sites inside the Arctic polar dome and (2) use new and leveraged general circulation models (GCM) and other modeling to interpret these and similar ice core records from outside the polar dome to better understand source regions and transport pathways of aerosols to different regions of the Arctic and their climatic and environmental impacts. Measurements of 35 elemental and chemical components of these aerosols will be made at high depth resolution (50 measurements per year) in archived ice cores from two lower elevation sites on opposite sides of the Arctic: a 430 m core collected by the University of Copenhagen in 2006 from Flade Isblink ice cap in far northeastern Greenland and a 724 m core collected by the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) in 1999 to 2001 from Akademii Nauk ice cap in the Russian Arctic. The measurements build on recently published findings from similar analyses in shallower ice cores. Flade Isblink will provide a 3500 year record of aerosols in the lower troposphere in the North Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean -- a region particularly sensitive to changes in Arctic sea ice -- while Akademii Nauk will provide a 3000 year record of past aerosols in northern Eurasia, as well as dust and pollutants from eastern Asia. By extending instrumental records to recent centuries and millennia, this new generation of ice core records, coupled with model simulations, will transform understanding of recent and late Holocene changes in hemispheric atmospheric circulation, aerosol transport across the polar front, and feedbacks between climate and aerosols.