Collaborative Research: Antarctic Low Cloud Interaction with Natural Aerosol (ALCINA)

合作研究：南极低云与天然气溶胶的相互作用（ALCINA）

• 批准号: 2130204
• 负责人: Jessie Creamean
• 金额: $ 45.08万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2027-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2130204&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Antarctic; Low; Cloud

Global climate model simulations are one of the most important tools for predicting Earth’s future climate in response to changing greenhouse gas concentrations or changes in incoming solar energy. Climate simulations over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean can be improved by better physical representation of low-level clouds, which have large impacts on ice surface melt events and inaccuracies in solar energy transmission, which degrades weather models. Errors in cloud simulations have been linked to insufficient information about aerosols - the ubiquitous microscopic particles that seed cloud droplet and cloud ice crystal formation. This project will collect data on aerosol chemical and microphysical properties simultaneously with cloud optical properties at Palmer Station continuously for 18 months, sampling aerosols sourced from both the ocean and from the continent. For broader impacts, the field campaigns involve diverse lead scientists and early career researchers and will engage in public outreach seminars through the School of Global and Environmental Sustainability’s Antarctic Lecture Series. Scientific activities from this project will be incorporated into the California Next Generation Science Standards through a partnership with the California Association for Science Educators.This project will deploy a combination of advanced aerosol sampling equipment and cloud remote sensing and surface radiation instruments that will operate for an extended duration at Palmer Station. Encompassing all seasons including two austral summers, these new observations will yield robust aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) statistics for climate model evaluation and improvement. Aerosol property measurements include size distributions, number concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nucleating particles (INPs), chemical composition including mineral, sulfate, sea salt and organics, and microbial community structure from DNA sequencing. The observations will span orders of magnitude changes in aerosol number concentrations and chemical constituents resulting from the strong seasonal cycle of biogenic activity and from changing airmass origins. These new measurements will also differentiate between influences of algal blooms and continental dust on INPs, for which there is presently a great scarcity of data over Antarctica. Atmospheric observations include near-infrared spectroscopic measurement of cloud liquid water content and effective liquid water droplet and ice crystal particle size, cloud base height and geometrical thickness, and surface energy budget components. These observations will be supplemented by satellite remote sensing of cloud properties from the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the NASA Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2), and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument aboard the Soumi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) and NOAA-20 satellites. This project was co-funded by the Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

全球气候模型模拟是预测地球未来气候的最重要工具之一，以响应变化的温室气体浓度或传入太阳能的变化。通过更好的物理表现，低水平云的物理表现可以改善南极和南大洋上的气候模拟，这对冰层熔体事件和太阳能传播中的不准确性产生了很大的影响，这会使天气模型降低。云模拟中的错误已与有关气溶胶的信息不足 - 无处不在的微观颗粒，这些微观颗粒和云层冰晶体形成。该项目将同时收集有关气溶胶化学和微物理特性的数据，并在帕尔默站连续18个月收集云光学性质，从海洋和续。对于更广泛的影响，现场运动涉及潜水员的主要科学家和早期职业研究人员，并将通过全球和环境可持续性学校的南极讲座系列进行公共宣传准则。该项目的科学活动将通过与加利福尼亚科学教育工作者协会的合作伙伴关系纳入加利福尼亚的下一代科学标准。该项目将部署先进的气溶胶采样设备和云遥感和云遥控性和表面辐射工具的组合。在帕尔默车站延长持续时间。这些新观察结果包括在包括两个澳大利亚夏季在内的所有季节，将产生强大的气雾云相互作用（ACI）统计数据，以进行气候模型评估和改进。气溶胶特性测量包括尺寸分布，云凝结核（CCN）的数量浓度和冰核颗粒（INP），包括矿物质，硫酸盐，海盐和组织在内的化学成分以及DNA测序中的微生物群落结构。观察结果将涵盖气溶胶数量浓度的变化阶数和化学一致性，这是由于生物活性的季节性周期和空气质量的变化而导致的。这些新的测量结果在藻类血液的影响和INP上的连续灰尘之间也会有所不同，因为它的数据与南极相比存在很大的数据。大气观测包括近红外光谱测量云液体水含量以及有效的液滴和冰晶体粒径，云基底高度和几何厚度以及表面能量预算成分。 These observations will be supplemented by satellite remote sensitivity of cloud properties from the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the NASA Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2), and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument aboard the Soumi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) and NOAA-20 satelites.该项目由大气和地理水平科学部共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被视为通过评估而被视为珍贵的支持。