Extending DOSPERT to medical risk and Japanese translation

风险认知方面的跨文化差异受到的关注有限，通常主要是在货币或环境风险的背景下。然而，即使是这些研究也注意到了跨国和跨文化的共同性和差异性的潜在重要领域。风险态度的差异可能是不同文化之间和文化内部决策差异的重要预测因素。与其他领域的风险态度，特别是金融投资不同，面临健康相关决定的患者很少被要求正式确定他们的风险承受水平，并将这些态度传达给他们的医生或家人。过去的研究已经确定了针对特定领域的风险承担措施的重要性，以及研究不同文化和民族之间风险态度的差异。特别是，特定领域风险承担量表(DOSPERT)不仅是了解不同领域风险态度差异的重要工具，而且是研究和纳入新风险领域的方法。该项目将开发、改进作为患者承担的医疗风险的一种新的特定领域的风险态度测量方法，并将其翻译成日语，该测量方法可以并入DOSPERT的未来版本中。该项目具有几个更广泛的影响。它支持东京工业大学加强医疗决策培训的倡议，并为一名美国研究生提供培训和接触国际研究。该项目直接有助于加强研究和教育的基础设施。具体地说，它支持UIC和东京工业大学之间的研究伙伴关系，这是一个新兴的国际合作。此外，该项目扩大了广泛使用的DOSPERT量表，将一个额外的风险领域和一个额外的翻译包括在内，研究人员很快就可以通过科学出版和提交DOSPERT网络档案获得该工具。拟议活动对社会的潜在好处包括进一步了解医疗决策中的风险认知和风险态度，这在美国和日本都具有相当大的社会重要性。

Cross-cultural differences in risk perception have received limited attention, often primarily in the context of monetary or environmental risk. Even these studies, however, have noted potentially important areas of both transnational and cross-cultural commonality and difference. Differences in risk attitude may be important predictors of variation in decision making between and within cultures. In contrast with risk attitude in other domains, especially financial investing, patients facing health-related decisions are rarely called upon to formally determine their level of risk tolerance, and to communicate these attitudes to their physicians or families. Past research has established the importance of domain-specific measures of risk-taking, and the study of differences in risk attitudes across cultures and nationalities. In particular, the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale (DOSPERT) represents not only an important instrument for understanding differences in risk attitudes across domains but a methodology for studying and incorporating new risk domains. This project will develop, refine, and translate into Japanese a new domain-specific measure of risk attitude for medical risks borne as a patient, which can be incorporated into future editions of DOSPERT.The project has several broader impacts. It supports an initiative to enhance training in medical decision making at Tokyo Tech and provides a U.S. graduate student with training and exposure to international research. This project directly contributes to enhancing the infrastructure for research and education. Specifically, it supports the research partnership between UIC and Tokyo Institute of Technology, an emerging international collaboration. In addition, the project expands the widely-used DOSPERT scale to include an additional risk domain and an additional translation, and the instrument is soon to be available to researchers through scientific publication and submission to the DOSPERT web archive. Potential benefits of the proposed activity to society include further understanding of risk perception and risk attitude in medical decision making, a domain with considerable social importance in both the U.S. and Japan.