Crossing Borders: The Fenians and the Transatlantic Crisis over Citizenship

跨越国界：芬尼亚人和跨大西洋公民危机本研究调查了19世纪中叶公民政策的重大转变：美国、英国和其他几个国家第一次明确承认了移民权，即个人？他放弃了自己的公民身份，宣誓效忠新的君主。学者们倾向于考虑国家？美国使用移民法和公民法来管理入境和作为公民入境。这项研究认为？退出规则？？ 法律规定了离开一个国家和放弃一个国家的权利？美国对本土的忠诚？在部署国家战略管理人口、锻造民族认同和建设现代民族国家方面，它们与移民法一样重要。19世纪的移民危机催生了现代公民权概念，赋予个人选择离开并宣誓效忠一国君主的意愿以特权。年代的选择。在解释将移居问题提上国家和国际决策者议程的因素时，本研究着重于跨国政治行为者，特别是爱尔兰裔美国民族主义者和国际法专家的作用，他们尽管是非官方的，但证明是促成关于移居问题的国内立法和国际条约的催化剂。虽然这本书的方法主要是历史的，但作者也借鉴了丰富的关于法律动员、法律意识、移民和主权研究的社会科学文献。这项研究强调了许多现代移民决策概念的发展以及非政府组织在发展这些概念方面的历史作用。19世纪60年代的移民危机释放出的许多思想继续影响和塑造着当前围绕移民政策的争议。

Crossing Borders: The Fenians and the Transatlantic Crisis over CitizenshipThis study investigates a major shift in citizenship policy in the mid-nineteenth century: for the first time, the United States, England and several other countries explicitly recognized the right of expatriation, that is, the individual?s right to give up his citizenship and pledge allegiance to a new sovereign. Scholars tend to consider the state?s use of immigration and citizenship laws to govern entrance to the country and admission as citizens. This study argues that ?rules of exit? ? laws that regulated the right to leave a country and to renounce one?s native allegiance ? were just as important as immigration laws in deploying state strategies for managing populations, forging national identities, and building modern nation states. The expatriation crisis of the 19th century ushered in modern conceptions of citizenship which privileged the will of the individual in choosing to leave and swear allegiance to the sovereign of one?s choice. In explaining the factors which thrust expatriation onto the agenda of national and international policymakers, the study focuses on the role of transnational political actors, particularly Irish American nationalists and international law experts, who, despite their unofficial status, proved to be catalysts in securing domestic legislation and international treaties on expatriation. While the work is primarily historical in its method, the author also draws upon the rich social scientific literature on the mobilization of law, legal consciousness, and migration and sovereignty studies.The research highlights the development of many modern concepts in immigration policy-making and the historical role of non-governmental organizations in developing these concepts. Many of the ideas unleashed by the expatriation crisis of the 1860s continue to inform and shape current controversies around immigration policy.