Constituting Knowledge across Cultures of Expertise and Tradition: An Ethnographic Study of Indigenous Technoscientists and Their Collaborators

跨越专业文化和传统文化构成知识：对本土技术科学家及其合作者的民族志研究

• 批准号: 1027307
• 负责人: Kimberly TallBear
• 金额: $ 10.1万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1027307&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Constituting; Knowledge; across; Cultures; Expertise

Indigenous peoples respond in diverse ways to genome science projects depending on the particular questions being asked, and the methods and histories of those fields. Increasingly, they resist scientific inquiry that they view as in conflict with their values. In the U.S. and Canada, our research sites, indigenes are regulating research, making property claims on scientific data, and requiring certain benefits in return for granting researchers access to their communities. Native American tribes show interest in initiating/funding genomic research in order to directly bolster their intellectual and governance capacities. Tribes also emphasize and fund training in science and technology fields as a capacity-building strategy that they see as necessary for self-governance and community flourishing. Accordingly, Native Americans and Canadian First Nation individuals enter technoscientific fields in order to support indigenous self governance and to diversify in terms of personnel and modes of thought fields that impact indigenous lives. This project will investigate indigenous genome scientists as agents in the democratization of genome science fields using archival and ethnographic methods. Because they facilitate or challenge indigenous genome scientists? roles as knowledge producers at the intersection of genomics and indigenous governance, tribal regulators, cultural experts, and community members will also be a focus of research, especially as they address the intersections of genomics with both indigenous ?traditional? and bureaucratized ways of knowing. Subjects will be drawn from fields to which indigenous peoples and governments are connected; they include basic human population genetics research (i.e. on human migrations and evolutionary questions) and biomedical research. Indigenous scientists are still few in number and they work with non-indigenous collaborators who also broker knowledge and opportunities for scientific inquiry between the laboratory and the tribe. Thus we will also focus on non-indigenous scientists? roles in integrating scientific practices, priorities, and values into indigenous governance.Intellectual meritThis research has intellectual merit for genome science fields, for STS, and for society. The work of indigenous scientists and collaborators may suggest cross-fertilizations of values and knowledges. Diversifying the classroom, the field, and the laboratory may be only the beginning. Beyond who inquires, who samples, and who does data analysis, are new research questions, theories, methods, and governing arrangements emerging at the intersections of genomics and indigenous knowledges and practices? For STS, this research adds to its postcolonial strand of scholarship, which is undertreated in the U.S. and which is important for making STS itself more multicultural.Broader impactsThis research will suggest opportunities for and highlight the barriers to making genome science norms more multi-cultural and compatible with indigenous communities? needs. Will the result be cross-fertilizations of genomics and indigenous knowledges and values as the field and laboratory are diversified? Will the result be new research questions, theories, methods, and governing arrangements when indigenous peoples act as researchers and not simply as research subjects? This project will reveal opportunities and challenges for increasing the distribution of social benefits from genome science to indigenous peoples whose needs and values are often labeled as in conflict with modern science.

土著人民根据提出的具体问题以及这些领域的方法和历史，以不同的方式对基因组科学项目作出反应。他们越来越抵制他们认为与他们的价值观相冲突的科学探索。在美国和加拿大，我们的研究网站，印第安人正在规范研究，对科学数据提出财产要求，并要求某些福利，以换取允许研究人员进入他们的社区。美洲土著部落对启动/资助基因组研究表现出兴趣，以便直接加强他们的智力和治理能力。各部落还强调并资助科学和技术领域的培训，将其作为一种能力建设战略，他们认为这是自治和社区繁荣所必需的。因此，美洲土著人和加拿大第一民族个人进入技术科学领域，以支持土著自治，并使影响土著生活的人员和思维方式多样化。该项目将利用档案和人种学方法调查土著基因组科学家作为基因组科学领域民主化的推动者的情况。因为他们促进或挑战本土基因组科学家？在基因组学和土著治理的交叉点上，作为知识生产者的角色、部落管理者、文化专家和社区成员也将是研究的重点，特别是当他们解决基因组学与土著？传统？以及官僚化的知晓方式。主题将来自与土著人民和政府有关的领域；其中包括基本的人口遗传学研究(即关于人类迁徙和进化问题)和生物医学研究。土著科学家的数量仍然很少，他们与非土著合作者合作，这些合作者也为实验室和部落之间的科学调查提供了知识和机会。因此，我们还将重点关注非本土科学家？在将科学实践、优先事项和价值观整合到土著政府中的作用。智力价值这项研究对基因组科学领域、STS和社会具有智力价值。本土科学家和合作者的工作可能会让人联想到价值观和知识的交叉融合。教室、场地和实验室的多样化可能只是个开始。在基因组学与本土知识和实践的交叉点上，除了谁询问、谁采样、谁进行数据分析之外，还有新的研究问题、理论、方法和管理安排出现了吗？对于STS来说，这项研究增加了它的后殖民学术链条，这在美国受到了不充分的对待，这对使STS本身更加多元文化非常重要。更广泛的影响这项研究将提出机会，并强调使基因组科学规范更加多元文化和与土著社区兼容的障碍？需要。随着领域和实验室的多样化，结果是否会是基因组学与本土知识和价值观的交叉受精？当土著人民作为研究人员而不仅仅是研究对象时，结果是否会产生新的研究问题、理论、方法和治理安排？该项目将揭示将基因组科学的社会惠益更多地分配给土著人民的机会和挑战，土著人民的需要和价值观经常被贴上与现代科学相冲突的标签。