Doctoral Dissertation Research: Impacts of Transferable Quota Markets and Customary Management Areas on Fishery Sustainability and Indigenous Development

过度捕捞威胁海洋生态系统和经济。 为了在不限制商业活动的情况下鼓励海洋生物多样性保护，各国政府正在建立新的基于配额的产权，旨在遏制商业捕捞压力，同时又不扼杀经济交流。 目前，世界上超过10%的渔业是由配额制度管理的，这一比例每年都在增加。 然而，谁应该获得配额，以及配额市场应该如何监管，仍不清楚。 该项目将研究配额管理制度如何影响渔业和渔业社区的生态和经济发展的因素。 这项研究将提供关于管理海洋渔业以促进经济增长和生物多样性的重要信息。研究结果将有助于渔业专家和参与社区和土著经济发展的人，包括在美国，渔业越来越多地按照配额制度管理，规定配额分配给土著部落。 该项目的调查结果将在调查员的网站上公开，以征求社区成员、科学家和政策制定者的反馈。 这项研究将有助于更广泛的辩论，在何种程度上基于市场的保护措施，包括配额市场渔业和碳总量管制与交易计划，激励可持续的环境实践。 新西兰于1986年实施了世界上第一个全国性的全面配额制度，并有法律规定将配额分配给土著部落。 今天，毛利人拥有全国40%以上的捕鱼配额，使新西兰成为一个重要的案例，通过它来审查更公平地分配配额管理的生态和经济利益的障碍和机会。 该项目将通过扩大经济假设，即政府设定的配额和总可捕量减少限制是渔业发展的驱动力，市场是鼓励环境可持续性和经济增长的最佳机制，来加强对基于市场的养护的理解。 通过研究人们在进入商业市场受到配额权限制时如何参与渔业，本研究将探讨为什么个人并不总是作为渔业合理化倡导者要求其产业主导的可持续发展模式的理性经济行为体。 具体而言，该项目将使用人种学方法和对渔业渔获量数据的定量分析，以审查殖民历史、土著身份、知识、技术和市场准入在影响人们参与渔业发展的方式方面各自发挥的作用。

Overfishing threatens ocean ecosystems and economies. To encourage marine biodiversity protection without restricting commercial activities, governments are creating new quota based property rights that are designed to curb commercial fishing pressure without stifling economic exchange. Over ten percent of the world's fisheries are currently managed by quota systems, a percentage that increases each year. Yet, who should get quota and how quota markets should be regulated, remains unclear. This project will examine factors shaping how quota management systems influence the ecological and economic development of fisheries and fishing communities. This study will provide critical information about the management of marine fisheries for economic growth and biodiversity. The results will be useful to fisheries experts and people involved in community and indigenous economic development, including in the United States, where fisheries are increasingly being managed under quota systems that stipulate quota to be allocated to indigenous tribes. The findings from this project will be made available publicly on the investigator's website for feedback from community members, scientists, and policy makers. This research will contribute to broader debates over the extent to which market-based conservation initiatives, including quota markets for fisheries and carbon cap-and-trade programs, incentivize sustainable environmental practices. This will be done by looking to New Zealand, where the world's first nationally comprehensive quota system was implemented in 1986, with legally mandated provisions for quota to be allocated to indigenous tribes. Today, Maori own over 40 percent of the nation's fishing quota, making New Zealand an important case through which to examine barriers and opportunities for more equitable distribution of the ecological and economic benefits of quota regulation. This project will enhance understanding of market-based conservation by expanding upon the economic assumption that quota and total allowable catch reduction limits set by government are the driving force behind fisheries development, and that the market is the best mechanism to encourage environmental sustainability and economic growth. By examining how people engage with fisheries when access to commercial markets is restricted by quota rights, this research will explore reasons why individuals do not always act as the rational economic actor that fisheries rationalization advocates require for their models of industry-led sustainable development. Specifically, this project will use ethnographic methods and quantitative analysis of fishery catch data to examine the role that colonial histories, indigenous identities, knowledge, technology and access to markets each play in influencing how people engage with fisheries development.