Collaborative Research: Development of an in situ sensor for high-resolution measurements of total dissolved inorganic carbon

越来越清楚的是，人为二氧化碳对全球海洋的影响可能会对各种生物和食物网造成严重后果。研究表明，pH降低和碳酸盐饱和状态会降低产文石的珊瑚和翼足类动物的钙化率。最近的调查表明，在过去的二十年里，北太平洋的文石饱和地平线明显变浅。由于大气二氧化碳增加的影响可能会影响到所有的水生系统，因此研究必须尽可能以概括性的方式进行。这可以通过现场传感器的广泛使用来最有效地实现。由于无法现场测量总溶解无机碳(CT)，对碳系统动力学的研究受到严重阻碍。虽然有能力在现场测量pH、CO2逸度(F CO2)和PCO2，但这些参数存在强烈的共变性，因此从这些值得出的碳系统参数受到的误差比使用这些项之一以及总碱度(AT)或CT计算的误差要大得多。拟议的工作建立在长达十年的原位分光光度元素分析系统(SEA)的开发和部署以及台式MICA(多参数无机碳分析仪)的开发和现场测试的基础上。该项目将涉及通过对新的光学单元进行建模、设计和实验室测试来开发SEA平台上的总碳能力；配置和校准用于CT测量的SEA；以及在当地港口进行实地测试/地面真实测量。PI的申请资金用于：(1)开发、测试和提炼有助于现场测量溶解无机碳(DIC)的光学单元；(2)进行一系列实验室测试，以优化用于SEA仪器的CT方法；以及(3)在贝博罗港使用SEA-CT和SEA-pH仪器进行现场测试。虽然拟议工作的目标是开发一种能够在系泊状态下进行CT测量的现场仪器，但只要剖面速度足够慢，两分钟的平衡就应该允许开发现场剖面能力。广泛影响：能够使用现场平台将加强区域和全球对与气候有关的环境问题(二氧化碳的海气交换和海洋在大气吸收中的作用)以及海洋中二氧化碳增加的影响，如海洋酸化的了解。很好，包括毕业生。拟议的活动将通过指导本科生和研究生来促进知识的发展，这显然是有效的，因为首席调查员本身就是这一组的研究生。参与博士学位项目的一名少数族裔研究生也将参与该项目。该提案具有更广泛的社区合作的巨大潜力，提倡者列举了最近的合作伙伴关系的例子。这将给社会带来巨大的好处，因为这样就可以更好地预测未来各种二氧化碳排放的情况下人为碳的命运，这将直接影响气候缓解战略的决定。

It has become increasingly clear that the impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the global oceans may have severe consequences to a wide variety of organisms and food webs. Reduced pH and carbonate saturation states have been shown to cause reduction in calcification rates in aragonite producing corals and pteropods. Recent investigations indicate that the aragonite saturation horizon in the North Pacific has measurably shoaled in the last two decades. Because the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 can affect all aquatic systems, studies must be conducted as synoptically as possible. This can be most effectively accomplished through the wide-scale use of in situ sensorsInvestigations into carbon system dynamics are seriously hampered by the inability to measure total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) in situ. While the capabilities exist to measure pH, CO2 fugacity (f CO2), and pCO2 in situ, such parameters strongly co-vary and therefore carbon system parameters derived from these values are subject to much greater error than those calculated using one of those terms and either total alkalinity (AT) or CT. The proposed work builds on the decade-long development and deployment of the in situ Spectrophotometric Elemental Analysis System (SEAS), as well as the development and field testing of the bench-top MICA (Multiparameter Inorganic Carbon Analyzer). The project will involve development of a total carbon capability on the SEAS platform through modeling, design, and lab tests of a new optical cell; configuring and calibrating SEAS for CT measurements; and field testing/ground truthing in a local harbor.The PI's request funding to: (1) Develop, test, and refine an optical cell that will facilitate measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in situ; (2) conduct a series of laboratory tests to optimize the CT method for use on the SEAS instrument; and (3) conduct field tests using SEAS-CT and SEAS-pH instruments at Bayboro Harbor. While the objective of the proposed work is to develop an in situ instrument capable of performing CT measurements in a moored configuration, equilibration on the scale of two minutes should allow the development of an in situ profiling capability as long as the profiling rate is sufficiently slow.Broader Impacts: To be able to use in situ platforms will enhance the regional and global understanding of relevant environmental issues related to climate (air-sea exchange of CO2 and the ocean's role in the atmospheric uptake) as well as the effect of the increased CO2 in the ocean such as ocean acidification. Good including graduate. The proposed activity will contribute to the advance of knowledge through the mentoring of undergraduate and graduate students, which is clearly effective since the Principal Investigator was herself a graduate student in this group. A minority graduate student involved in the Bridge to the Doctorate program will also participate to the project. The proposal has huge potential for broader community collaboration and the proposers give examples of recent partnerships. This will be of great benefit for society since the fate of anthropogenic carbon can then be better predicted for future scenarios of various CO2 emissions, which will directly influence the decision on climate mitigation strategies.