Collaborative Research: Plankton Community Composition and Trophic Interactions as Modifiers of Carbon Export in the Sargasso Sea
合作研究:浮游生物群落组成和营养相互作用作为马尾藻海碳输出的调节因素
基本信息
- 批准号:1030476
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 39.6万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2010
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2010-10-01 至 2014-09-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Intellectual MeritFluxes of particulate carbon from the surface ocean are greatly influenced by the size, taxonomic composition and trophic interactions of the resident planktonic community. Large and/or heavily-ballasted phytoplankton such as diatoms and coccolithophores are key contributors to carbon export due to their high sinking rates and direct routes of export through large zooplankton. The potential contributions of small, unballasted phytoplankton, through aggregation and/or trophic re-packaging, have been recognized more recently. This recognition comes as direct observations in the field show unexpected trends. In the Sargasso Sea, for example, shallow carbon export has increased in the last decade but the corresponding shift in phytoplankton community composition during this time has not been towards larger cells like diatoms. Instead, the abundance of the picoplanktonic cyanobacterium, Synechococccus, has increased significantly. The trophic pathways that link the increased abundance of Synechococcus to carbon export have not been characterized. These observations guided the investigators to their overarching research question, "How do plankton size, community composition and trophic interactions modify carbon export from the euphotic zone". Since small phytoplankton are responsible for the majority of primary production in oligotrophic subtropical gyres, the trophic interactions that include them must be characterized in order to achieve a mechanistic understanding of the function of the biological pump in the oligotrophic regions of the ocean. This requires a complete characterization of the major organisms and their rates of production and consumption. Accordingly, the research objectives are: 1) to characterize (qualitatively and quantitatively) trophic interactions between major plankton groups in the euphotic zone and rates of, and contributors to, carbon export and 2) to develop a constrained food web model, based on these data, that will allow us to better understand current and predict near-future patterns in export production in the Sargasso Sea. The investigators will use a combination of field-based process studies and food web modeling to quantify rates of carbon exchange between key components of the ecosystem at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. Measurements will include a novel, DNA-based approach to characterizing and quantifying planktonic contributors to carbon export. The well-documented seasonal variability at BATS and the occurrence of mesoscale eddies will be used as a natural laboratory in which to study ecosystems of different structure. This study is unique in that its aims to characterize multiple food web interactions and carbon export simultaneously and over similar time and space scales. A key strength of the proposed research is also the tight connection and feedback between the data collection and modeling components.Broader ImpactsCharacterizing the complex interactions between the biological community and export production is critical for predicting changes in phytoplankton species dominance, trophic relationships and export production that might occur under scenarios of climate-related changes in ocean circulation and mixing. This research may also help to understand the biological mechanisms that drive current regional to basin scale variability in carbon export in oligotrophic gyres. This proposal will contribute to the education of undergraduate and graduate students through the inclusion of student support. Undergraduate students in this project will be partly supported through Arizona State University (ASU)'s School of Life Sciences Undergraduate Research Program which seeks to increase the participation of minorities in science. Web and classroom materials based on this research will be developed and distributed through a partnership with the award-winning ASU-sponsored Ask A Biologist K-12 Web site. Direct undergraduate involvement in research will also be enhanced at the University of South Carolina and the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences.
浮游生物群落的大小、分类组成和营养相互作用对海洋表面颗粒碳的通量有很大影响。大型和/或重载浮游植物,如硅藻和颗石藻,由于其高下沉率和通过大型浮游动物直接出口的直接途径,是碳出口的主要贡献者。小型、无压载浮游植物通过聚集和/或营养再包装的潜在贡献最近已得到认识。这一认识来自于对该领域的直接观察显示出意想不到的趋势。例如,在马尾藻海,在过去十年中,浅层碳输出有所增加,但在此期间,浮游植物群落组成的相应转变并没有向硅藻等更大的细胞转变。相反,微浮游蓝藻(聚藻球菌)的丰度显著增加。连接聚珠球菌丰度增加与碳输出的营养途径尚未被表征。这些观察结果引导研究人员解决了他们的首要研究问题:“浮游生物的大小、群落组成和营养相互作用如何改变光带的碳输出”。由于小型浮游植物负责亚热带少营养环流的大部分初级生产,因此必须对包括它们在内的营养相互作用进行表征,以便从机制上理解海洋少营养区生物泵的功能。这就需要对主要生物及其生产和消费速度有一个完整的描述。因此,本研究的目标是:1)定性和定量地描述绿化带主要浮游生物群体之间的营养相互作用,以及碳输出速率和碳输出贡献者;2)基于这些数据建立一个受约束的食物网模型,使我们能够更好地了解马尾藻海出口生产的当前和近期模式。研究人员将结合实地过程研究和食物网建模来量化百慕大大西洋时间序列研究(BATS)站点生态系统关键组成部分之间的碳交换率。测量将包括一种新的、基于dna的方法来描述和量化浮游生物对碳输出的贡献。充分记录的BATS的季节变化和中尺度涡旋的发生将作为研究不同结构生态系统的自然实验室。这项研究的独特之处在于,它的目的是在相似的时间和空间尺度上同时表征多种食物网相互作用和碳出口。本研究的一个关键优势也是数据收集和建模组件之间的紧密联系和反馈。更广泛的影响描述生物群落与出口生产之间的复杂相互作用对于预测在海洋环流和混合气候相关变化情景下可能发生的浮游植物物种优势、营养关系和出口生产的变化至关重要。这项研究也有助于理解驱动当前区域到流域尺度的低营养环流碳输出变化的生物学机制。该提案将通过包括学生支持来促进本科生和研究生的教育。该项目的本科生将通过亚利桑那州立大学(ASU)生命科学学院本科生研究计划获得部分资助,该计划旨在增加少数民族对科学的参与。基于这项研究的网络和课堂材料将通过与屡获殊荣的亚利桑那州立大学赞助的Ask a biology K-12网站的合作伙伴关系开发和分发。南卡罗来纳大学和百慕大海洋科学研究所也将加强本科生对研究的直接参与。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Susanne Neuer其他文献
Growth dynamics of marine Synechococcus spp. in the Gulf of Alaska
- DOI:
10.3354/meps083251 - 发表时间:
1992-12 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.5
- 作者:
Susanne Neuer - 通讯作者:
Susanne Neuer
Susanne Neuer的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Susanne Neuer', 18)}}的其他基金
Collaborative Research: Zooplankton mediation of particle formation in the Sargasso Sea
合作研究:浮游动物介导马尾藻海颗粒形成
- 批准号:
2023621 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 39.6万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Collaborative research: Sinking rates and nutritional quality of organic mater exported from sea ice; the importance of exopolymeric substances
合作研究:海冰输出有机物的沉降率和营养品质;
- 批准号:
1023140 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 39.6万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Composition of the plankton community and its contribution to particle flux in the Sargasso Sea
马尾藻海浮游生物群落的组成及其对颗粒通量的贡献
- 批准号:
0752592 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 39.6万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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