Doctoral Dissertation Research: Grounding New Deal Power in the Americas: Soil Science and Development, 1929-1949

博士论文研究：在美洲奠定新政力量：土壤科学与发展，1929-1949

• 批准号: 1031598
• 负责人: Jon Kosek
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2012-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1031598&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Grounding; New

The Green Revolution is widely considered agricultural science's contribution to the rise of global U.S. influence in the second half of the 20th century. The Green Revolution was not the first attempt by the United States to further its global ambitions through the extension of state agricultural expertise, however, nor was it the inevitable outcome of scientific attention to agricultural production in the 1930s and 1940s. This doctoral dissertation research project will examine the notion that the New Deal era, marked by the U.S. Dust Bowl and the Great Depression, was the start of a radically different mode of transnational agrarian planning, a mode that was actively exported through the Americas during the Second World War. These U.S.-sponsored development programs were rooted in notions of collectivist conservationism, cultural pluralism, and democratic resource management. The result of scientific experiments by teams of U.S. Department of the Interior anthropologists, sociologists, and soil scientists working to combat erosion on U.S. Indian tribal lands, the New Deal-era land management models addressed both cultural and biological processes at work in diverse environmental and political contexts. The doctoral student performing this research will conduct a comparative examination of three local manifestations of this program, drawing on government and foundation records as well as scientific publications, records of congressional hearings, and personal papers in order to understand how New Deal soil management strategies were translated and transformed across the heterogeneous political landscapes of the Americas. She will consider contested de-stocking programs on the tribal lands of the Navajo Nation in the U.S., and she will examine U.S.-sponsored agrarian development under shifting property relations in Colombia's Cauca Valley as well as scientific research and development in the indigenous ejidos of Michoacán, Mexico, two national contexts that were also pilot sites of the Rockefeller Foundation's Green Revolution. Taking into consideration the complex networks of intellectual, political, and economic interests supporting transnational New Deal-era conservation efforts, this project will explore the ways that emerging scientific notions of human and non-human natures were deployed in response to race-based land claims, considering both the successes and failures of these projects in meeting their stated social, political, and ecological goals.This project will shed new light on an aspect of environmental, political, and intellectual history that has received relatively little attention, and it will develop key theoretical connections between science and technology studies and human geography. The implications of this research for present understanding are expected to be significant. First, as a period confronted simultaneously by world-scale financial, military, and ecological crises, the New Deal era offers important lessons to citizens and policy makers seeking to navigate the challenges of current global conjuncture. Furthermore, this project will reveal critical structural and genealogical aspects of current development strategies, suggesting new possibilities for constructive, collaborative social change. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.

绿色革命被广泛认为是农业科学对20世纪下半叶美国全球影响力上升的贡献。 然而，绿色革命并不是美国第一次试图通过扩大国家农业专业知识来推进其全球野心，也不是20世纪30年代和40年代科学关注农业生产的必然结果。 这个博士论文的研究项目将研究的概念，新政时代，标志着美国沙尘暴和大萧条，是一个完全不同的跨国农业规划模式的开始，一种模式，是积极出口通过美洲在第二次世界大战期间。 这些美国-赞助的发展方案植根于集体主义保护主义、文化多元主义和民主资源管理的概念。 美国内政部人类学家，社会学家和土壤科学家团队的科学实验的结果，致力于对抗美国印第安部落土地的侵蚀，新政时代的土地管理模式解决了在不同环境和政治背景下工作的文化和生物过程。 执行这项研究的博士生将进行本计划的三个地方表现形式的比较研究，借鉴政府和基金会的记录以及科学出版物，国会听证会的记录和个人论文，以了解新政土壤管理战略是如何翻译和改造跨美洲的异质政治景观。 她将考虑在美国纳瓦霍族部落土地上有争议的去库存计划，她会检查美国在哥伦比亚考卡山谷的产权关系不断变化的情况下，资助了农业发展，在墨西哥米却肯州的土著社区开展了科学研究和发展，这两个国家也是洛克菲勒基金会绿色革命的试点。 考虑到支持跨国新政时代保护工作的知识，政治和经济利益的复杂网络，该项目将探索人类和非人类性质的新兴科学概念在应对基于种族的土地要求时的部署方式，考虑这些项目在满足其所述的社会，政治，本项目将对环境、政治和思想史的一个方面提供新的认识，这方面的关注相对较少，它将发展科学技术研究和人文地理学之间的关键理论联系。 这项研究的影响，目前的理解，预计将是显着的。 首先，作为一个同时面临世界规模的金融、军事和生态危机的时期，新政时代为寻求应对当前全球危机挑战的公民和政策制定者提供了重要的经验教训。 此外，该项目还将揭示当前发展战略的关键结构和谱系方面，为建设性的、协作性的社会变革提供新的可能性。 作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项还将提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的独立的研究生涯。