EFRI-SEED: Occupant Oriented Heating and Cooling

eri - seed项目的目标是开发以乘员为导向的供暖和制冷技术，其中新颖的传感系统可以提取乘员的信息，从而根据乘员的需求更有策略、更有效地提供舒适度。这项研究旨在回答这样一个问题：通过感知建筑居住者的身份、位置和活动，并自动优化建筑运行，可以节省多少能源？利用建筑物占用率来控制供暖和制冷需要的不仅仅是将恒温器连接到运动传感器；它要求建筑和设备的设计目标发生根本性的转变。这项研究将创造新的传感技术，以更好地估计当前和未来的建筑占用，以解决热滞后问题。它还将创造新型的供暖和制冷设备，以及建筑围护结构的新设计，以提高建筑对入住率变化的响应速度和效率。这项研究将与新的用户界面相结合，允许用户与自主建筑操作系统进行交互，结果将以绿色和可持续技术的市场约束分析为指导。本研究中开发的原则和方法也可以应用于建筑运行的其他方面，如照明和水加热，因此将为下一代智能建筑创造基础，这些建筑可以自主监控和响应建筑居住者。这项研究的重点是可以很容易地转化为市场的低成本解决方案。初步研究表明，每户家庭供暖和制冷所需的能源减少了28%，而额外的传感器成本仅为25美元。因此，这项技术可以回收20-30%的能源节约，而这是可编程恒温器所无法实现的。这项研究预计将大大增加现有建筑的这些收益，这将有助于推动国家实现到2030年全国现有建筑总能源效率提高25%的目标。这项研究还将建立住宅和商业“生活实验室”，以加强节能技术领域的研究和教育基础设施。研究生和本科生的研究人员都将参与这项研究的所有阶段，我们将从代表性不足的群体中招募学生参与这项研究。该项目将通过说明科学与工程的应用性质和潜在的社会效益，帮助激励后代的研究人员，特别是妇女和代表性不足的少数民族研究科学与工程。支持该项目的2010财年eri - seed课题由美国国家科学基金会（NSF）工程（ENG）、数学与物理科学（MPS）、社会、行为与经济科学（SBE）、计算机与信息科学与工程理事会与美国能源部（DOE）和美国环境保护署（EPA）合作赞助。

The objective of this EFRI-SEED project is to produce occupant-oriented heating and cooling technology, in which novel sensing systems extract information about the occupants to more strategically and effectively deliver comfort based on occupant need. The research will aim to answer the question: How much energy can be saved by sensing the identities, locations, and activities of building occupants, and automatically optimizing building operation? Using building occupancy to control heating and cooling requires more than simply connecting a thermostat to motion sensors; it requires a fundamental shift in the design goals of buildings and equipment. The research will create novel sensing technologies to better estimate both current and future building occupancy, in order to address the issue of thermal lag. It will also create novel types of heating and cooling equipment, and new designs for the building envelope that improve how quickly and efficiently a building can respond to changes in occupancy. This research will be integrated with new user interfaces that allow users to interact with an autonomous building operation system, and the outcomes will be guided by an analysis of marketplace constraints on green and sustainable technologies. The principles and approaches developed in this research can also be applied to other aspects of building operation such as lighting and water heating, and will therefore create a foundation for the next generation of intelligent buildings that autonomously monitor and respond to building occupants.This research focuses on low-cost solutions that can be readily translated to market. Preliminary studies demonstrated a 28% reduction per household in the energy required for heating and cooling, at the cost of only $25 in additional sensors. Thus, this technology can reclaim the 20-30% energy savings that was expected from but not realized by programmable thermostats. The research is expected to increase these gains substantially for existing buildings, which will help propel the nation towards its goal of a 25% improvement in the total energy efficiency of existing buildings across the country by 2030. This research will also create both residential and commercial "living laboratories" that will enhance the infrastructure for research and education in the areas of energy-efficient technologies. Both graduate and undergraduate researchers will be involved in all phases of this research, and we will engage and recruit students from underrepresented groups to participate in this research. This project will help inspire future generations of researchers, particularly women and underrepresented minorities to study Science and Engineering by illustrating its applied nature and potential for social benefit.The FY 2010 EFRI-SEED Topic that supports this project was sponsored by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Directorates for Engineering (ENG), Mathematical and Physical Sciences (MPS) and Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE), and Computer & Information Science and Engineering in collaboration with the US Department of Energy (DOE) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).