Board on Research Data and Information

研究数据和信息委员会

• 批准号: 1040898
• 负责人: Paul Uhlir
• 金额: $ 108万
• 依托单位: National Academy of Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-03-01 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1040898&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Board; Research; Data; Information

The digital revolution has created new opportunities in the management and use of all types of research (and other) data and information. Most areas of scientific research are now data-driven and this has produced a broad range of quantitative and qualitative improvements in the research enterprise. The communication of research results in myriad forms, both formal and informal, has also increased and improved. Moreover, the day-to-day practices of the established fields of science and engineering are changing in response to the emergence of new computer- and network-based modes of communication and collaboration. While the technical systems have completed the shift from print to digital media, the social systems are far from rationalized and have not made a similarly effective transformation. The rate of technological change has created many challenges in the effective and efficient exploitation of those digital research resources. Many of the organizational and legal models from the print era have been transferred to the digital network context without adjusting sufficiently for the qualitatively different research capabilities online. New models of scholarly exchange and knowledge production are emerging, but they are still poorly understood or not fully established and utilized. Although automated knowledge production and diffusion promise radical improvements to our capacity to extract, integrate, and exploit new knowledge from the vast stores of available digital data and information, many roadblocks remain. At the same time, old endemic problems such as quality assurance, metadata generation and maintenance, long-term digital preservation, and assessment methodologies for research data and information activities not only have not been addressed successfully in many cases, but new dimensions and concerns have been added by emerging technologies and applications. Both the policies and practices associated with deriving greater returns from the investments in digital knowledge resources, especially online, require sustained focus, analysis, and advice.The federal agencies together make public investments of many billions of dollars per year in producing or externally funding the generation of huge and diverse data streams as inputs into the research enterprise. They similarly produce or fund the creation of ever-increasing volumes of scientific information,both peer-reviewed and gray literature, that embodies the results of much of the research output. As the nation's stewards or funders of these digital research assets, they have a major stake in continually improving their management, policies, and utilization. However, the investments and policies for managing, preserving, disseminating, and reusing the data and information resources are lagging and are generally perceived to be inadequate. Many unresolved issues arise at the different levels of the research system in this regard, affecting established research strategies and priorities. They involve not just scientific and technical elements, but institutional, economic, legal, and socio-cultural aspects. The most pervasive dysfunctions occur at the interdisciplinary, inter-sectoral, and international levels, and in public-private partnerships. The problems in successfully forging relationships for managing and using digital knowledge resources can have significant negative effects, such as structural inefficiencies and lost opportunity costs, on our national research and innovation systems, economic competitiveness, and the greater social welfare.Because research data and information are of great importance to the progress of science and the nation?s competitiveness in the knowledge-based economy, these issues need to be well understood by the various stakeholders in our nation's research enterprise, including the research communities in government, academia, and industry, research policymakers and managers in the Administration and Congress, and ultimately the public that both supports these activities and the benefits from their improved effectiveness. Acting through the NRC, the proposed Board on Research Data and Information would establish a new interdisciplinary mechanism and focal point for bringing greater understanding and visibility to these issues, for adding value to the sponsors? objectives and priorities in these areas, and for helping to improve returns on the federal agencies? investments in a time of increasingly constrained budgets.

数字革命在管理和使用所有类型的研究(和其他)数据和信息方面创造了新的机会。大多数科学研究领域现在都是由数据驱动的，这在研究企业中产生了广泛的数量和质量改进。各种形式的正式和非正式研究成果的交流也有所增加和改善。此外，随着新的以计算机和网络为基础的交流和协作模式的出现，现有科学和工程领域的日常做法正在发生变化。虽然技术系统已经完成了从印刷媒体向数字媒体的转变，但社会系统远远没有合理化，也没有进行同样有效的转变。技术变革的速度给有效和高效地利用这些数字研究资源带来了许多挑战。印刷品时代的许多组织和法律模式已经转移到数字网络环境中，但没有针对网上不同的研究能力进行充分调整。新的学术交流和知识生产模式正在出现，但人们对它们的理解仍然很少，或者没有完全建立和利用它们。尽管自动化的知识生产和传播有望极大地提高我们从海量可用数字数据和信息中提取、集成和利用新知识的能力，但仍然存在许多障碍。与此同时，质量保证、元数据生成和维护、长期数字保存以及研究数据和信息活动的评估方法等古老的地方性问题不仅在许多情况下没有得到成功解决，而且新兴技术和应用增加了新的层面和关切。与从数字知识资源投资中获得更大回报相关的政策和实践，特别是在线知识资源，都需要持续的关注、分析和建议。联邦机构每年总共进行数十亿美元的公共投资，以产生或外部资助产生巨大和多样化的数据流，作为研究企业的投入。同样，它们产生或资助创建数量不断增加的科学信息，包括同行评议和灰色文献，这些信息体现了许多研究成果的结果。作为国家这些数字研究资产的管理者或资助者，他们在不断改进其管理、政策和利用方面具有重大利益。然而，用于管理、保存、传播和再利用数据和信息资源的投资和政策是滞后的，而且普遍被认为是不够的。在这方面，在研究系统的不同层面上出现了许多悬而未决的问题，影响到既定的研究战略和优先事项。它们不仅涉及科学和技术因素，而且还涉及体制、经济、法律和社会文化方面。最普遍的功能失调发生在跨学科、跨部门和国际层面，以及公私伙伴关系。成功地建立管理和使用数字知识资源的关系的问题可能会对我们的国家研究和创新体系、经济竞争力和更大的社会福利产生重大的负面影响，如结构低效和失去机会成本。由于研究数据和信息对科学进步和国家的竞争力至关重要？S在知识经济中的竞争力，这些问题需要我国研究企业的各个利益相关者充分了解，包括政府、学术界和产业界的研究社区，政府和国会的研究决策者和管理者，最终支持这些活动并从其提高的有效性中受益的公众。通过NRC，拟议的研究数据和信息委员会将建立一个新的跨学科机制和协调中心，以便更好地了解和了解这些问题，为赞助商增加价值？这些领域的目标和优先事项，以及帮助提高联邦机构的回报？在预算日益紧张的情况下进行投资。