Ocean Acidification Category 2: Collaborative Research - Development of geochemical proxies to evaluate larval pH-exposure history

海洋酸化类别 2：合作研究 - 开发地球化学代理来评估幼虫 pH 暴露历史

• 批准号: 1041098
• 负责人: Achim Herrmann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-06-01 至 2013-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1041098&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Acidification; Category; Collaborative; Research

Intellectual merit: This project will develop a new interdisciplinary partnership between connectivity ecology (Levin at SIO), metal isotope geochemistry (Anbar and Gordon at ASU), and paleoclimatology (Herrmann at ASU) to identify new proxies for ocean acidification that can be used to assess pH exposures in living organisms and, potentially to interpret the geologic record. The investigators hypothesize that the isotopic composition of larval calcium carbonates reflects changes in seawater chemistry driven by ocean acidification and, in some instances, with associated decline in oxygen levels. The large extent to which these two parameters vary in concert in the modern and past ocean (and thus have joint influence), and the extent to which they may be uncoupled by anthropogenic CO2 inputs, merits considerable attention. Thus, the integration of pH and oxygen in proxy development would be an important advance.The focus of this project is on proxy development to determine pH exposure history for living organisms in their larval state, and will center on calcium, boron, and uranium isotopes as well as multi-elemental fingerprints. For this project, the investigators will target open coast, front bay and backbay mytilid mussel species, each living naturally under a different pH regime, and statoliths of encapsulated market squid larvae from the open shelf. Larvae with known pH, oxygen and temperature exposure histories will be obtained from (1) laboratory larval rearing experiments that manipulate pH and oxygen and (2) in situ out planting of lab-spawned larvae in larval homes onto existing moorings where pH, T and oxygen are being monitored. Analyses will employ SIMS (for del 11B), multicollector (for del 44Ca, del 238 U), and laser ablation ICP-MS (targeting B, Cu, U, Pb, Mo, and a suite of additional pH- and redox-sensitive trace elements). Multivariate statistical tools will define ability to detect pH-induced signatures and to determine species or taxon-specific vital effects. The investigators are exploring proxies for invertebrate larvae that are untested in the context of acidification geochemistry. Targeting larvae is critical as many marine organisms produce larval carbonate structures and these stages may be most affected by ocean acidification. The retention of larval shell and statoliths after recruitment may ultimately allow us to test the importance of larval pH and O2 exposure to survival and population persistence. An ability to assess past exposures through geochemical proxies will provide information about relative pH tolerances and ecosystem-level change in response to changes in the ocean¡¦s carbonate chemistry.Broader impacts: This project will: (1) engaging young scientists in new collaborations (2) involving underrepresented students through UC summer diversity programs and (3) conveying the science to students via UCSD IGERT courses in the program Global Change, Marine Science and Society, as well as via courses taught by Levin, Anbar and Herrmann. Translation of ecological results to the fields of marine geochemistry and paleoclimatology (and back) will provide the seed for future collaboration and advances.

智力优点：该项目将在连通性生态学（SIO的Levin），金属同位素地球化学（ASU的Anbar和Gordon）和古气候学（ASU的Herrmann）之间建立新的跨学科伙伴关系，以确定可用于评估生物体pH暴露的海洋酸化新代理，并可能解释地质记录。研究人员假设，幼虫碳酸钙的同位素组成反映了海洋酸化导致的海水化学变化，在某些情况下，与氧水平的下降相关。这两个参数在现代和过去的海洋中的变化程度很大（因此具有联合影响），以及它们在多大程度上可能因人为二氧化碳输入而脱钩，值得引起相当大的关注。因此，pH值和氧的替代开发的整合将是一个重要的进步。该项目的重点是替代开发，以确定在其幼虫状态的活生物体的pH暴露历史，并将集中在钙，硼，铀同位素以及多元素指纹。对于这个项目，调查人员将针对开放海岸，前湾和后湾mytilid贻贝物种，每个物种在不同的pH值制度下自然生活，以及来自开放大陆架的封装市场鱿鱼幼虫的平衡石。具有已知pH值、氧气和温度暴露历史的幼虫将从（1）控制pH值和氧气的实验室幼虫饲养实验和（2）将实验室产卵的幼虫原位外植到监测pH值、T和氧气的现有系泊设备上。分析将采用西姆斯（用于del 11 B）、多集电极（用于del 44 Ca、del 238 U）和激光消融ICP-MS（靶向B、Cu、U、Pb、Mo和一套额外的pH和氧化还原敏感性微量元素）。多变量统计工具将定义检测pH诱导特征和确定物种或分类群特异性生命效应的能力。研究人员正在探索在酸化地球化学背景下未经测试的无脊椎动物幼虫的替代品。以幼体为目标至关重要，因为许多海洋生物产生幼体碳酸盐结构，而这些阶段可能受海洋酸化的影响最大。招聘后的幼虫壳和平衡石的保留可能最终使我们能够测试幼虫的pH值和O2暴露的生存和人口持久性的重要性。通过地球化学代用指标评估过去暴露的能力将提供有关相对pH耐受性和生态系统一级因海洋碳酸盐化学变化而发生的变化的信息。（1）让年轻科学家参与新的合作;（2）通过加州大学夏季多样性计划让代表性不足的学生参与;（3）通过UCSD IGERT课程中的全球变化，海洋科学和社会课程，以及通过莱文，安巴尔和赫尔曼教授的课程向学生传达科学。将生态学成果转化为海洋地球化学和古气候学领域（以及反过来）将为未来的合作和进步提供种子。