Ocean Acidification Category 2: Collaborative Research - Development of geochemical proxies to evaluate larval pH-exposure history

海洋酸化类别 2：合作研究 - 开发地球化学代理来评估幼虫 pH 暴露历史

• 批准号: 1401349
• 负责人: Achim Herrmann
• 金额: $ 6.1万
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-15 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1401349&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Acidification; Category; Collaborative; Research

Intellectual merit: This project will develop a new interdisciplinary partnership between connectivity ecology (Levin at SIO), metal isotope geochemistry (Anbar and Gordon at ASU), and paleoclimatology (Herrmann at ASU) to identify new proxies for ocean acidification that can be used to assess pH exposures in living organisms and, potentially to interpret the geologic record. The investigators hypothesize that the isotopic composition of larval calcium carbonates reflects changes in seawater chemistry driven by ocean acidification and, in some instances, with associated decline in oxygen levels. The large extent to which these two parameters vary in concert in the modern and past ocean (and thus have joint influence), and the extent to which they may be uncoupled by anthropogenic CO2 inputs, merits considerable attention. Thus, the integration of pH and oxygen in proxy development would be an important advance.The focus of this project is on proxy development to determine pH exposure history for living organisms in their larval state, and will center on calcium, boron, and uranium isotopes as well as multi-elemental fingerprints. For this project, the investigators will target open coast, front bay and backbay mytilid mussel species, each living naturally under a different pH regime, and statoliths of encapsulated market squid larvae from the open shelf. Larvae with known pH, oxygen and temperature exposure histories will be obtained from (1) laboratory larval rearing experiments that manipulate pH and oxygen and (2) in situ out planting of lab-spawned larvae in larval homes onto existing moorings where pH, T and oxygen are being monitored. Analyses will employ SIMS (for del 11B), multicollector (for del 44Ca, del 238 U), and laser ablation ICP-MS (targeting B, Cu, U, Pb, Mo, and a suite of additional pH- and redox-sensitive trace elements). Multivariate statistical tools will define ability to detect pH-induced signatures and to determine species or taxon-specific vital effects. The investigators are exploring proxies for invertebrate larvae that are untested in the context of acidification geochemistry. Targeting larvae is critical as many marine organisms produce larval carbonate structures and these stages may be most affected by ocean acidification. The retention of larval shell and statoliths after recruitment may ultimately allow us to test the importance of larval pH and O2 exposure to survival and population persistence. An ability to assess past exposures through geochemical proxies will provide information about relative pH tolerances and ecosystem-level change in response to changes in the ocean¡¦s carbonate chemistry.Broader impacts: This project will: (1) engaging young scientists in new collaborations (2) involving underrepresented students through UC summer diversity programs and (3) conveying the science to students via UCSD IGERT courses in the program Global Change, Marine Science and Society, as well as via courses taught by Levin, Anbar and Herrmann. Translation of ecological results to the fields of marine geochemistry and paleoclimatology (and back) will provide the seed for future collaboration and advances.

智力价值：该项目将在连通性生态学（SIO 的 Levin）、金属同位素地球化学（亚利桑那州立大学的 Anbar 和 Gordon）和古气候学（亚利桑那州立大学的 Herrmann）之间建立新的跨学科伙伴关系，以确定海洋酸化的新代理，可用于评估生物体的 pH 值暴露，并有可能解释地质记录。研究人员假设，幼虫碳酸钙的同位素组成反映了由海洋酸化驱动的海水化学变化，在某些情况下，还伴随着氧气水平的下降。这两个参数在现代和过去的海洋中在很大程度上一致变化（因此具有共同影响），以及它们可能在多大程度上与人为二氧化碳输入脱钩，值得相当多的关注。因此，在代理开发中整合 pH 和氧气将是一个重要的进步。该项目的重点是代理开发，以确定幼虫状态下活生物体的 pH 暴露历史，并将集中于钙、硼和铀同位素以及多元素指纹。在这个项目中，研究人员将针对开放海岸、前湾和后湾贻贝物种（每种贻贝物种自然生活在不同的 pH 条件下）以及来自开放大陆架的封装的市场鱿鱼幼虫的静石。具有已知 pH 值、氧气和温度暴露历史的幼虫将通过以下方式获得：(1) 操纵 pH 值和氧气的实验室幼虫饲养实验；(2) 将实验室产卵的幼虫原位种植在现有系泊处，并监测 pH、T 和氧气。分析将采用 SIMS（针对 del 11B）、多接收器（针对 del 44Ca、del 238 U）和激光烧蚀 ICP-MS（针对 B、Cu、U、Pb、Mo 以及一系列其他 pH 和氧化还原敏感的微量元素）。多元统计工具将定义检测 pH 诱导的特征并确定物种或分类单元特定的重要影响的能力。研究人员正在探索无脊椎动物幼虫的替代物，这些替代物尚未在酸化地球化学背景下进行测试。针对幼虫至关重要，因为许多海洋生物都会产生幼虫碳酸盐结构，而这些阶段可能受海洋酸化的影响最大。招募后幼虫壳和平衡石的保留可能最终使我们能够测试幼虫 pH 和 O2 暴露对生存和种群持久性的重要性。通过地球化学代理评估过去暴露的能力将提供有关相对 pH 耐受性和生态系统水平变化的信息，以应对海洋碳酸盐化学的变化。更广泛的影响：该项目将：（1）让年轻科学家参与新的合作（2）通过加州大学夏季多样性计划让代表性不足的学生参与进来，以及（3）通过该计划中的全球加州大学圣地亚哥分校 IGERT 课程向学生传达科学知识 变革、海洋科学与社会，以及莱文、安巴尔和赫尔曼教授的课程。将生态成果转化为海洋地球化学和古气候学领域（反之亦然）将为未来的合作和进步提供种子。