Ocean Acidification Category 2: Collaborative Research - Development of geochemical proxies to evaluate larval pH-exposure history

海洋酸化类别 2：合作研究 - 开发地球化学代理来评估幼虫 pH 暴露历史

• 批准号: 1401349
• 负责人: Achim Herrmann
• 金额: $ 6.1万
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-15 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1401349&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Acidification; Category; Collaborative; Research

Intellectual merit: This project will develop a new interdisciplinary partnership between connectivity ecology (Levin at SIO), metal isotope geochemistry (Anbar and Gordon at ASU), and paleoclimatology (Herrmann at ASU) to identify new proxies for ocean acidification that can be used to assess pH exposures in living organisms and, potentially to interpret the geologic record. The investigators hypothesize that the isotopic composition of larval calcium carbonates reflects changes in seawater chemistry driven by ocean acidification and, in some instances, with associated decline in oxygen levels. The large extent to which these two parameters vary in concert in the modern and past ocean (and thus have joint influence), and the extent to which they may be uncoupled by anthropogenic CO2 inputs, merits considerable attention. Thus, the integration of pH and oxygen in proxy development would be an important advance.The focus of this project is on proxy development to determine pH exposure history for living organisms in their larval state, and will center on calcium, boron, and uranium isotopes as well as multi-elemental fingerprints. For this project, the investigators will target open coast, front bay and backbay mytilid mussel species, each living naturally under a different pH regime, and statoliths of encapsulated market squid larvae from the open shelf. Larvae with known pH, oxygen and temperature exposure histories will be obtained from (1) laboratory larval rearing experiments that manipulate pH and oxygen and (2) in situ out planting of lab-spawned larvae in larval homes onto existing moorings where pH, T and oxygen are being monitored. Analyses will employ SIMS (for del 11B), multicollector (for del 44Ca, del 238 U), and laser ablation ICP-MS (targeting B, Cu, U, Pb, Mo, and a suite of additional pH- and redox-sensitive trace elements). Multivariate statistical tools will define ability to detect pH-induced signatures and to determine species or taxon-specific vital effects. The investigators are exploring proxies for invertebrate larvae that are untested in the context of acidification geochemistry. Targeting larvae is critical as many marine organisms produce larval carbonate structures and these stages may be most affected by ocean acidification. The retention of larval shell and statoliths after recruitment may ultimately allow us to test the importance of larval pH and O2 exposure to survival and population persistence. An ability to assess past exposures through geochemical proxies will provide information about relative pH tolerances and ecosystem-level change in response to changes in the ocean¡¦s carbonate chemistry.Broader impacts: This project will: (1) engaging young scientists in new collaborations (2) involving underrepresented students through UC summer diversity programs and (3) conveying the science to students via UCSD IGERT courses in the program Global Change, Marine Science and Society, as well as via courses taught by Levin, Anbar and Herrmann. Translation of ecological results to the fields of marine geochemistry and paleoclimatology (and back) will provide the seed for future collaboration and advances.

智力优点：该项目将在连通性生态学（SIO的Levin），金属同位素地球化学（ASU的ANBAR和GORDON）与古气候学（ASU的Herrmann）之间建立新的跨学科伙伴关系，以确定可用于评估生命有机化和地理学的海洋酸化的新代理，以识别海洋酸化的新代理。研究人员假设幼虫钙的同位素组成反映了由海洋酸化驱动的海水化学变化，并且在某些情况下，氧气水平的下降。这两个参数在现代和过去的海洋（因此具有关节影响）的巨大程度，以及它们可能与人为的二氧化碳输入相关的程度，值得关注。这是pH和氧在代理发展中的整合将是重要的进步。该项目的重点是代理开发，以确定幼虫状态下生物体的pH暴露史，并将集中在钙，硼和铀同位素以及多元素指纹上。对于这个项目，调查人员将针对开放海岸，前湾和骨架肌肉种类，每个物种都自然地生活在不同的pH政权下，以及从开放式架子上封装的市场鱿鱼幼虫的雕像。具有已知pH，氧气和温度暴露历史的幼虫将从（1）（1）实验室幼虫饲养实验（操纵pH和氧气）以及（2）在监测现有的幼虫中的实验室产生幼虫的情况下，监测pH，T和氧气。分析将采用SIMS（对于DEL 11B），多策略（对于DEL 44CA，DEL 238 U）和激光消融ICP-MS（靶向B，Cu，U，Pb，Mo，以及一套附加的PH-和REDOX敏感痕量元件）。多元统计工具将定义能够检测pH诱导的特征并确定规格或分类单元特定的生命效应的能力。研究人员正在探索在酸化地球化学背景下未经测试的无脊椎动物幼虫的代理。靶向幼虫至关重要，因为许多海洋生物产生了幼虫结构，并且这些阶段可能受到海洋酸化的影响最大。招募后的幼虫外壳和statoliths的保留最终可能使我们能够测试幼虫pH和O2暴露于生存和人口持久性的重要性。通过地球化学代理评估过去暴露的能力将提供有关对海洋变化的响应的相对pH公差和生态系统级变化的信息。变革，海洋科学与社会以及莱文，安巴尔和赫尔曼教授的课程。将生态结果转换为海洋地球化学和古气候学领域（和背部）将为未来的合作和进步提供种子。