Ocean Acidification Category 2: Collaborative Research - Development of geochemical proxies to evaluate larval pH-exposure history

海洋酸化类别 2：合作研究 - 开发地球化学代理来评估幼虫 pH 暴露历史

• 批准号: 1401349
• 负责人: Achim Herrmann
• 金额: $ 6.1万
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-15 至 2015-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1401349&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ocean; Acidification; Category; Collaborative; Research

Intellectual merit: This project will develop a new interdisciplinary partnership between connectivity ecology (Levin at SIO), metal isotope geochemistry (Anbar and Gordon at ASU), and paleoclimatology (Herrmann at ASU) to identify new proxies for ocean acidification that can be used to assess pH exposures in living organisms and, potentially to interpret the geologic record. The investigators hypothesize that the isotopic composition of larval calcium carbonates reflects changes in seawater chemistry driven by ocean acidification and, in some instances, with associated decline in oxygen levels. The large extent to which these two parameters vary in concert in the modern and past ocean (and thus have joint influence), and the extent to which they may be uncoupled by anthropogenic CO2 inputs, merits considerable attention. Thus, the integration of pH and oxygen in proxy development would be an important advance.The focus of this project is on proxy development to determine pH exposure history for living organisms in their larval state, and will center on calcium, boron, and uranium isotopes as well as multi-elemental fingerprints. For this project, the investigators will target open coast, front bay and backbay mytilid mussel species, each living naturally under a different pH regime, and statoliths of encapsulated market squid larvae from the open shelf. Larvae with known pH, oxygen and temperature exposure histories will be obtained from (1) laboratory larval rearing experiments that manipulate pH and oxygen and (2) in situ out planting of lab-spawned larvae in larval homes onto existing moorings where pH, T and oxygen are being monitored. Analyses will employ SIMS (for del 11B), multicollector (for del 44Ca, del 238 U), and laser ablation ICP-MS (targeting B, Cu, U, Pb, Mo, and a suite of additional pH- and redox-sensitive trace elements). Multivariate statistical tools will define ability to detect pH-induced signatures and to determine species or taxon-specific vital effects. The investigators are exploring proxies for invertebrate larvae that are untested in the context of acidification geochemistry. Targeting larvae is critical as many marine organisms produce larval carbonate structures and these stages may be most affected by ocean acidification. The retention of larval shell and statoliths after recruitment may ultimately allow us to test the importance of larval pH and O2 exposure to survival and population persistence. An ability to assess past exposures through geochemical proxies will provide information about relative pH tolerances and ecosystem-level change in response to changes in the ocean¡¦s carbonate chemistry.Broader impacts: This project will: (1) engaging young scientists in new collaborations (2) involving underrepresented students through UC summer diversity programs and (3) conveying the science to students via UCSD IGERT courses in the program Global Change, Marine Science and Society, as well as via courses taught by Levin, Anbar and Herrmann. Translation of ecological results to the fields of marine geochemistry and paleoclimatology (and back) will provide the seed for future collaboration and advances.

知识价值：该项目将在连接生态学（SIO的Levin）、金属同位素地球化学（ASU的Anbar和Gordon）和古气候学（ASU的Herrmann）之间建立新的跨学科合作伙伴关系，以确定新的海洋酸化代理，可用于评估生物体的pH暴露，并有可能解释地质记录。研究人员假设，碳酸钙幼虫的同位素组成反映了海洋酸化导致的海水化学变化，在某些情况下，还与氧含量下降有关。这两个参数在现代和过去海洋中协同变化的很大程度（因而具有联合影响），以及它们可能被人为二氧化碳输入解除耦合的程度，值得引起相当大的注意。因此，pH和氧在代理发育中的整合将是一个重要的进展。该项目的重点是通过代发育来确定生物在幼虫状态下的pH暴露历史，并将以钙、硼和铀同位素以及多元素指纹为中心。在这个项目中，研究人员将针对开放海岸，前湾和后湾的贻贝物种，每种物种在不同的pH值下自然生活，以及来自开放架子的封装市场鱿鱼幼虫的statolith。已知pH值、氧气和温度暴露史的幼虫将通过(1)控制pH值和氧气的实验室幼虫饲养实验和(2)将实验室产卵的幼虫在幼虫家中原位种植到现有的系泊处，在那里监测pH值、T和氧气。分析将采用SIMS（用于del 11B）、多收集器（用于del 44Ca、del 238 U）和激光烧蚀ICP-MS（针对B、Cu、U、Pb、Mo和一套额外的pH和氧化还原敏感微量元素）。多元统计工具将定义检测ph诱导特征的能力，并确定物种或分类群特定的重要影响。研究人员正在探索在酸化地球化学背景下未经测试的无脊椎动物幼虫的替代品。针对幼虫是至关重要的，因为许多海洋生物产生幼虫碳酸盐结构，这些阶段可能最受海洋酸化的影响。捕获后幼虫壳和静石的保留可能最终使我们能够测试幼虫pH和O2暴露对生存和种群持久性的重要性。通过地球化学代理评估过去暴露的能力将提供有关相对pH耐受性和生态系统水平变化对海洋碳酸盐化学变化的响应的信息。更广泛的影响：该项目将：(1)让年轻科学家参与新的合作；(2)通过加州大学夏季多样性项目让代表性不足的学生参与；(3)通过加州大学圣地亚哥分校IGERT项目的全球变化、海洋科学与社会课程，以及由Levin、Anbar和Herrmann教授的课程，向学生传授科学知识。将生态学成果转化到海洋地球化学和古气候学领域（并反过来）将为未来的合作和进步提供种子。