Ocean Acidification-Category 1: Does the strength of the carbonate pump change with ocean stratification and acidification and how?

该项目将通过加强对CaCO3从地表输出和通过水柱和沉积物循环的控制因素的理解，提高预测碳酸盐泵对海洋酸化和分层反应的能力。需要解决的关键问题是：(i)碳酸盐泵的强度是否会随着海洋酸化和分层而变化？（ii） CaCO3输出与紧密循环的微型浮游生物和纳米浮游生物生态系统的关系是否比盛开的微型浮游生物更密切？（三）有机颗粒通量和海水饱和状态对碳酸钙矿物的相互作用对碳酸钙在水柱和沉积物中的溶解有何影响？上述三个问题将在一个统一的模型-观察框架中得到解决，在这个框架中，将使用广泛的观察结果客观地评估一套碳酸盐泵的全球模型。一个已经组装和分析的海洋生物地球化学示踪剂和沉积物圈闭的全球数据库将与三维数值模型框架相结合。这项工作将使用一个省时的求解器来完成，该求解器允许系统的模型优化和灵敏度分析。这项工作将被纳入由NOAA地球物理流体动力学实验室开发的地球系统模型中，以评估海洋生态系统和海洋酸化在未来气候中的相互作用。这项工作将进一步帮助我们预测未来海洋在吸收人为碳方面的作用，并阐明海洋对冰期/间冰期大气二氧化碳分压变化的贡献。这项诊断性研究以及模型敏感性分析将为如何更好地监测海洋对海洋酸化和分层的反应提供指导，从而使海洋观测系统受益。结果将在普林斯顿大学的网站上公布，并将纳入普林斯顿大学的教学材料。

This project will improve the ability to predict the response of the carbonate pump to ocean acidification and stratification through enhanced understanding of the controlling factors of the export of CaCO3 from the surface and cycling through the water column and sediments. Key questions to be addressed are (i) Does the strength of the carbonate pump change in response to ocean acidification and stratification? (ii) Is the CaCO3 export more closely associated with the tightly recycling picoplankton and nanoplankton ecosystems than the blooming microplankton? (iii) What is the role of interactions between organic particle fluxes and the saturation state of seawater with respect to CaCO3 minerals in the dissolution of CaCO3 in the water column and sediments? The above three questions will be addressed in a unified model-observation framework where a suite of global models of the carbonate pump will be objectively assessed using a wide range of observations. An already assembled and analyzed global database of ocean biogeochemical tracers and sediment traps will be combined with 3-D numerical model frameworks. The work will be done using a time-efficient solver that allows for systematic model optimization and sensitivity analyses. This work will be incorporated into earth system models developed by the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for assessment of the interactive role of marine ecosystems and ocean acidification in future climate. This work will further help to improve our ability to predict the future role of the ocean in absorbing anthropogenic carbon and also elucidate the oceanic contribution to the glacial/interglacial changes in atmospheric pCO2. This diagnostic study as well as the model sensitivity analyses will benefit the ocean observing system by providing guidance on how to better monitor the ocean's response to ocean acidification and stratification. Results will be made available via Princeton University websites, and will be incorporated in the teaching material at Princeton University.