Ocean Acidification-Category 1: Does the strength of the carbonate pump change with ocean stratification and acidification and how?

该项目将提高对碳酸盐泵对海洋酸化和层化的反应的预测能力，方法是加强对从表面输出CaCO3以及在水柱和沉积物中循环的控制因素的了解。需要解决的关键问题是：(I)碳酸盐泵的强度是否会因海洋酸化和层化而改变？(2)与大量繁殖的微型浮游生物相比，CaCO3出口是否与循环紧密的微微浮游生物和纳米浮游生物生态系统有更密切的联系？(3)有机颗粒通量和海水相对于CaCO3矿物的饱和状态之间的相互作用对水柱和沉积物中CaCO3的溶解有何作用？上述三个问题将在一个统一的模型-观测框架中处理，其中将利用广泛的观测对一套碳酸盐泵全球模型进行客观评估。已经汇编和分析的全球海洋生物地球化学示踪剂和沉积物捕捉器数据库将与三维数值模型框架相结合。这项工作将使用一个省时的解算器来完成，该解算器允许进行系统的模型优化和敏感性分析。这项工作将纳入美国国家海洋和大气局地球物理流体动力学实验室开发的地球系统模型，以评估海洋生态系统和海洋酸化在未来气候中的相互作用。这项工作将进一步提高我们预测海洋在吸收人为碳方面的未来作用的能力，并阐明海洋对冰川/间冰期大气二氧化碳变化的贡献。这项诊断性研究以及模型敏感性分析将有助于海洋观测系统，为如何更好地监测海洋对海洋酸化和层化的反应提供指导。结果将通过普林斯顿大学的网站公布，并将被纳入普林斯顿大学的教材中。

This project will improve the ability to predict the response of the carbonate pump to ocean acidification and stratification through enhanced understanding of the controlling factors of the export of CaCO3 from the surface and cycling through the water column and sediments. Key questions to be addressed are (i) Does the strength of the carbonate pump change in response to ocean acidification and stratification? (ii) Is the CaCO3 export more closely associated with the tightly recycling picoplankton and nanoplankton ecosystems than the blooming microplankton? (iii) What is the role of interactions between organic particle fluxes and the saturation state of seawater with respect to CaCO3 minerals in the dissolution of CaCO3 in the water column and sediments? The above three questions will be addressed in a unified model-observation framework where a suite of global models of the carbonate pump will be objectively assessed using a wide range of observations. An already assembled and analyzed global database of ocean biogeochemical tracers and sediment traps will be combined with 3-D numerical model frameworks. The work will be done using a time-efficient solver that allows for systematic model optimization and sensitivity analyses. This work will be incorporated into earth system models developed by the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for assessment of the interactive role of marine ecosystems and ocean acidification in future climate. This work will further help to improve our ability to predict the future role of the ocean in absorbing anthropogenic carbon and also elucidate the oceanic contribution to the glacial/interglacial changes in atmospheric pCO2. This diagnostic study as well as the model sensitivity analyses will benefit the ocean observing system by providing guidance on how to better monitor the ocean's response to ocean acidification and stratification. Results will be made available via Princeton University websites, and will be incorporated in the teaching material at Princeton University.