Ocean Acidification-Category 1: Does the strength of the carbonate pump change with ocean stratification and acidification and how?

该项目将提高预测碳酸盐泵对海洋酸化和分层的反应的能力，方法是加深对CaCO3从地表输出以及在水柱和沉积物中循环的控制因素的了解。 需要解决的关键问题是：（一）碳酸盐泵的强度是否会因海洋酸化和分层而发生变化？(ii)CaCO3的输出与紧密循环的微型浮游生物和微型浮游生物生态系统的关系是否比与大量繁殖的微型浮游生物的关系更密切？(iii)在水柱和沉积物中CaCO3的溶解过程中，有机颗粒通量和海水中CaCO3矿物的饱和状态之间的相互作用是什么？ 上述三个问题将在一个统一的模型-观测框架中得到解决，在该框架中，将使用广泛的观测结果对一套碳酸盐泵的全球模型进行客观评估。 一个已经汇编和分析的全球海洋生物地球化学示踪剂和沉积物收集器数据库将与三维数值模型框架结合起来。这项工作将使用一个时间效率高的求解器，允许系统的模型优化和敏感性分析。 这项工作将纳入海洋大气局地球物理流体动力学实验室开发的地球系统模型，以评估海洋生态系统和海洋酸化在未来气候中的相互作用。 这项工作将进一步有助于提高我们的能力，以预测未来的海洋在吸收人为碳的作用，也阐明了海洋的冰川/间冰期的大气pCO2变化的贡献。 这一诊断研究以及模型敏感性分析将有助于海洋观测系统，为如何更好地监测海洋对海洋酸化和分层的反应提供指导。研究结果将通过普林斯顿大学网站公布，并将纳入普林斯顿大学的教材。

This project will improve the ability to predict the response of the carbonate pump to ocean acidification and stratification through enhanced understanding of the controlling factors of the export of CaCO3 from the surface and cycling through the water column and sediments. Key questions to be addressed are (i) Does the strength of the carbonate pump change in response to ocean acidification and stratification? (ii) Is the CaCO3 export more closely associated with the tightly recycling picoplankton and nanoplankton ecosystems than the blooming microplankton? (iii) What is the role of interactions between organic particle fluxes and the saturation state of seawater with respect to CaCO3 minerals in the dissolution of CaCO3 in the water column and sediments? The above three questions will be addressed in a unified model-observation framework where a suite of global models of the carbonate pump will be objectively assessed using a wide range of observations. An already assembled and analyzed global database of ocean biogeochemical tracers and sediment traps will be combined with 3-D numerical model frameworks. The work will be done using a time-efficient solver that allows for systematic model optimization and sensitivity analyses. This work will be incorporated into earth system models developed by the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory for assessment of the interactive role of marine ecosystems and ocean acidification in future climate. This work will further help to improve our ability to predict the future role of the ocean in absorbing anthropogenic carbon and also elucidate the oceanic contribution to the glacial/interglacial changes in atmospheric pCO2. This diagnostic study as well as the model sensitivity analyses will benefit the ocean observing system by providing guidance on how to better monitor the ocean's response to ocean acidification and stratification. Results will be made available via Princeton University websites, and will be incorporated in the teaching material at Princeton University.