Collaborative Research: Optimizing the Supply Chain for Cost and Carbon Footprint

这项拨款资助供应链模式的发展，考虑到减少或限制碳排放的需要，同时也最小化成本或最大化利润。这些模型将在几个层面上考虑碳排放：(1)单个企业的单一运营模型（例如，库存模型）；(2)单个企业跨供应链整合一系列运营模型（例如，位置、运输、采购和库存决策）的职能间模型；(3)考虑供应链中企业之间互动的公司内部职能间模型。开发的模型将是多目标的，允许规划者探索成本和碳足迹之间的权衡。它们将允许对企业参与的整个供应链活动的碳排放进行检查，与当前倾向于关注单一操作（例如，运输而不是库存或生产）的碳排放形成对比。这些模型还将考虑整个供应链的合作，以减少排放，并将捕捉同一供应链中企业之间的相互作用，因为一家企业的决策可能会对其他企业的成本和碳足迹产生重大影响。这些模型将用于研究在供应链成员企业之间分配碳足迹和相关成本的方案，认识到企业满足排放标准的不同能力。它们还将用于调查不同监管政策对供应链绩效的影响，包括总量管制与交易、碳税和碳抵消。如果成功，本研究(1)将增强我们对成本和排放之间关键权衡的理解，(2)将有助于我们在一系列供应链中减少碳排放的能力，(3)将确定企业自愿选择与其他企业合作减少碳排放的协调机制和激励制度。(4)将探索各种监管政策的有效性，并支持实施减少排放同时减轻对供应链绩效影响的政策。

This grant funds the development of supply chain models that account for the need to minimize or restrict carbon emissions while also minimizing cost or maximizing profit. The models will account for carbon emissions at several levels: (1) single operation models (e.g., inventory models) at a single firm, (2) inter-functional models that integrate a range of operational models (e.g., location, transportation, sourcing and inventory decisions) across the supply chain at a single firm and (3) inter-company inter-functional models that account for the interaction between firms within the supply chain. The models developed will be multi-objective, allowing planners to explore the tradeoffs between cost and carbon footprint. They will allow the examination of carbon emissions across the entire spectrum of supply chain activities in which a firm engages, contrasting with current practice which tends to focus on carbon emissions in single operations (e.g., transportation but not inventory or production). The models will also account for collaboration across the supply chain to reduce emissions and will capture the interactions between firms within the same supply chain, as decisions made by one firm can significantly impact both the cost and carbon footprint at other firms. The models will be used to investigate schemes that allocate carbon footprint, and associated cost, among member firms of the supply chain, recognizing the differential capabilities of firms to meet emission standards. They will also be used to investigate the impact of different regulatory policies, including cap-and trade, carbon taxing, and carbon offsetting, on supply chain performance. If successful, this research (1) will enhance our understanding of key tradeoffs between costs and emissions, (2) will contribute to our ability to reduce carbon emissions across a range of supply chains, (3) will identify coordination mechanisms and incentives systems under which firms voluntarily choose to collaborate with other firms on carbon emission reductions, and (4) will explore the efficacy of various regulatory policies and support the implementation of policies that reduce emissions while mitigating the impact on supply chain performance.