SBIR Phase I: FPGA-accelerated 3-D Waveform Inversion For Geophysical Exploration

该小型企业创新研究第一阶段项目将研究全三维地震波形反演（WFI）的高性能FPGA实现的可行性，WFI是目前油气行业中最先进、资源要求最高的地震成像应用。WFI的目标是估算一个地球的模型。该方法可以最大限度地减少记录数据与从迭代调整的地球模型中获得的合成模拟数据之间的差异。WFI的计算核心是非均质介质中的三维波动方程。该方程在梯度优化过程中反复求解，从而获得高精度的地震图像。第一阶段项目的交付成果将是一种全新的可编程门阵列（FPGA），它采用了一种符合套接字标准的专用设备形式，实现了一种特别优化的WFI内核。在延续的第二阶段项目中，第一阶段的可交付成果将演变成一个完整的WFI实现原型，与传统硬件上的传统软件实现相比，提供数量级的性能改进。随着微处理器达到时钟频率和功耗的极限，石油和天然气行业越来越需要超越传统的计算机软件/硬件解决方案。拟议的项目解决了这一需求。该项目更广泛的影响/商业潜力是在石油和天然气行业开创一个低影响、低能耗、高性能计算的新时代。fpga计算很可能成为地球物理勘探的一项颠覆性技术，使能力和性能得到前所未有的提高。采用该技术，3-Dseismic数据的处理速度将更快，并将更有效地用于描述和圈定极端复杂地质环境中的油气储层。此外，拟议的技术将在生产环境中实现WFI。国内外石油公司最近宣布，他们的主要技术重点和关键要求是应对日益严峻的环境，这突显了对这种新能力的迫切需求。在这种情况下，fpga实现的准确、高分辨率和更快的地震成像将产生以下经济影响：(1)提高发现新油气矿床的几率；(2)通过提供更高的成像精度降低开采和开发成本；(3)增加碳氢化合物的采收率，增加国家石油和天然气储量，减少对外国石油的依赖，使美国经济受益。

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will investigate the feasibility of ahigh-performance FPGA implementation of full 3-D seismic Waveform Inversion (WFI), themost advanced and resource-demanding seismic imaging application used today in the oil and gasindustry. The objective of WFI is to estimate a model of the Earth?s subsurface that minimizesthe difference between recorded data and synthetic simulated data derived from an iterativelyadjusted Earth model. The computational kernel of WFI is the 3-D wave equation in aheterogeneous medium. This equation is solved repeatedly in a gradient optimization processyielding highly accurate seismic images. The deliverable of the Phase I project will be a novelField Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation of an especially optimized WFI kernelin the form of a socket compliant special-purpose device. In a continuation Phase II project, thePhase I deliverable will be evolved into a prototype full-fledged implementation of WFI,delivering order-of-magnitudes improvements in performance over conventional softwareimplementations on traditional hardware. As microprocessors reach the limits of attainable clockfrequencies and power consumption, there is a growing need in the oil and gas industry to gobeyond conventional computer software/hardware solutions. The proposed project addresses thisneed.The broader impact/commercial potential of this project is to usher in a new era of low impact,low energy, and much higher-performance computing in the oil and gas industry. FPGAcomputing is likely to become a disruptive technology for geophysical exploration, allowingunprecedented improvements in capability and performance. With the proposed technology, 3-Dseismic data will be processed faster, and used more effectively to characterize and delineate oiland gas reservoirs in extremely complicated geological settings. Furthermore, the proposedtechnology will enable WFI in production settings. The urgent need for this new capability ishighlighted by domestic and foreign oil companies' recent announcements that their maintechnological focus and critical requirements are for increasingly challenging environments. Inthis context, the accurate, higher resolution, and faster seismic imaging enabled by FPGAs willhave economic impact by: (1) improving the odds of finding new deposits of oil and gas, (2)reducing extraction and development costs by providing higher imaging accuracy, (3) increasingthe amount of hydrocarbons recovered, augmenting the national oil and gas reserves, reducingdependence on foreign oil, and benefiting the U.S. economy.