EAGER: Collaborative Research: G&V: Evolving Social Computation in an RNA World

摘要实验科学的职业生涯允许一些研究人员将这些人类知识的前沿推向遥远的现象，从宇宙尺度的结构形成到蛋白质酶的自组装。由于几个障碍，非专家几乎没有渠道深入体验这些启示：掌握技术细节所需的时间，与专家和教育工作者的空间距离，以及仔细实验的经济支出。这项研究正在创建一种系统，为非专家在一个吸引了广泛科学和公众兴趣的前沿领域--将纳米级分子工程变成复杂形状--消除科学探索的障碍。一个互联网规模的游戏基础设施正在创建中，它将使数十万游戏玩家能够共同探索核糖核酸(RNA)设计的构象空间。当玩家探索模拟的核糖核酸设计空间时，他们的努力产生了一个候选设计的优先列表，这些设计立即在皮？S生化实验室合成。然后将实验结果反馈到博弈中？S的激励结构。球员们呢？因此，集体努力超越了模拟，进入了真正的生化实验。此外，如何最大限度地利用网络效应也是目前尚不清楚的。在多人搜索游戏中的合作。成功的设计必须既奖励个人探索，又鼓励知识共享。为了统一这些目标，PI正在试验协作得分方面的几项进展。因此，在纳米工程的新领域，该系统将增强RNA序列的工具包，这些序列自下而上地自组装成复杂的三维形状：结、多面体，以及前所未有的RNA新形状。该项目正在社交智能计算这一新兴领域取得进展。

Abstract Careers in experimental science allow some researchers to push these frontiers of human knowledge to remote phenomena, from the formation of structure at cosmological scales to the self-assembly of protein enzymes. Non-experts have few channels to deeply experience these revelations due to several barriers: the time required to master technical details, the spatial distance to experts and educators, and the financial expense of careful experimentation. This research is creating a system that removes these barriers to scientific exploration for non-experts, in a frontier field that has attracted wide scientific and public interest: the engineering of nanoscale molecules into complex shapes. An internet-scale gaming infrastructure is being created that will enable hundreds of thousands of game players to jointly explore the conformational space of ribonucleic acid (RNA) designs. As players explore a simulated RNA design space, their efforts produce a prioritized list of candidate designs which are synthesized immediately in the PI?s biochemistry lab. Experimental results then feed back into the game?s incentive structure. The players? collective efforts thus move beyond simulation into real biochemical experimentation. Also, it is currently unknown how to maximally exploit the ?network effect? of cooperation in multiplayer search games. Successful designs must both reward individual exploration and incentivize knowledge sharing. To unite these goals, the PIs are experimenting with several advances in collaborative scoring. Thus, within the new field of nano-engineering, the system will enhance the toolkit of RNA sequences that self-assemble into complex three-dimensional shapes from the ?bottom-up?: knots, polyhedra, and additional novel shapes never before seen with RNA. The project is producing advances in the nascent field of socially intelligent computing.