Pre and post molt biology of emperor penguins - Oden trans - Ross / Amundsen Sea cruise

帝企鹅蜕皮前后的生物学 - Oden trans - 罗斯/阿蒙森海上巡游

• 批准号: 1043454
• 负责人: Gerald Kooyman
• 金额: $ 29.46万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-08-15 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1043454&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Pre; post; molt; biology; emperor

The emperor penguin dives deeper and longer, fasts longer, and endures the harshest weather conditions of all diving birds. It spends about four and half months per annum deep in Antarctic pack ice away from shore and stations, and thus is largely unavailable for study. This time includes preparation for the molt, and travel to the colony to breed, a time period in which great swings in body weight occur. This study will fill an important gap in what we know about the biology of the annual cycle of the emperor by examining the molt-post molt period. The P.I. proposes to traverse the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas on the Oden, to locate and tag emperor penguins during the molt season. The objectives are to (1) Place satellite tags on 20 adult post molt birds to determine their route, rate of travel, and diving behavior as they return back to their breeding colonies, (2) Obtain an index of body condition, (3) Collect guano to determine the type of food consumed by emperor penguins in the region, (4) Conduct shipboard surveys to sight and plot the location and abundance of adult and juvenile birds on the ship's track. The PI hypothesizes that bird dives will be shallow during the initial post-molt phase, and that food will consist primarily of krill; that there will be differential dispersal of birds from the Ross Sea vs. Marie Byrd Land, with Ross Sea birds traveling farther; and that the greatest adult mortality occurs during the molt and early post molt period. Broader impacts include training of a post doc, a graduate student, and an aquarium volunteer. The P.I. also will present findings through a website, through public lectures, and in collaboration with the Birch aquarium.

帝企鹅潜得更深更久，禁食时间更长，能忍受所有潜水鸟类中最恶劣的天气条件。它每年在远离海岸和观测站的南极浮冰深处呆上大约四个半月，因此在很大程度上无法用于研究。这段时间包括换羽的准备，以及前往殖民地繁殖，这段时间里体重会发生很大的波动。这项研究将填补一个重要的空白，我们所知道的生物学的年度周期的皇帝通过检查蜕皮后蜕皮期。 私家侦探建议穿越奥登河上的阿蒙森海和别林斯高晋海，在换羽季节寻找和标记帝企鹅。 目标是（1）在20只成年换羽后的企鹅身上放置卫星标签，以确定它们返回繁殖地时的路线、旅行速度和潜水行为，（2）获得身体状况指数，（3）收集鸟粪以确定该地区帝企鹅食用的食物类型，（4）进行船上测量，以观察和标绘在船舶航迹上的成鸟和幼鸟的位置和数量。 PI假设，鸟类潜水将在最初的蜕皮后阶段是浅的，食物将主要包括磷虾;将有差异的分散的鸟类从罗斯海与玛丽伯德土地，罗斯海鸟类旅行更远;最大的成年死亡率发生在蜕皮和早期蜕皮后期间。更广泛的影响包括培训一名博士后、一名研究生和一名水族馆志愿者。 私家侦探还将通过网站、公开讲座以及与伯奇水族馆的合作来展示研究结果。