RAPID: Formation, Persistence and Mobility of Oil Emulsions after Major Spills at Sea

摘要提案题目：快速：海上重大溢油后油乳剂的形成、持久性和流动性主要研究者：Berrin TanselInstitution: Florida International University提案号：1043467海上溢油应对包括用围油栏遏制浮油（浮油）和海面清除。最初，大部分石油浮在海面上，因此，这种方法对控制少量泄漏是有效的。随着时间的推移，波浪和潮汐作用导致浮油分散和乳化（即形成稳定的小液滴）。乳化油可以在水柱中停留很长一段时间，并可以随着水下水流移动。在海上大型溢油的乳化率和模式（即天气条件、波浪、潮汐的影响）方面存在显著的知识空白；随着时间的推移，油在光滑相和乳液相之间的分配曲线；分散油滴在水柱中的持久性和流动性；乳化油的输运特性与表面浮油的关系。近期的研究工作将集中于综合分析来自卫星图像的数据，包括表面浮油的大小和模式、天气条件（即风、温度）和海洋条件（来自NOAA浮标数据的波高）。这些数据集将与在不同地点收集的水样数据相结合，以表征乳剂的持久性和流动性。研究目标是：(1)调查海上大型溢油的乳化速率和模式（近期）；(2)研究海上乳化油的持久性和流动性特征（短期和长期）；(3)根据南佛罗里达海洋和沿海水域的现场观测以及墨西哥湾沿海地区和海洋环境的数据，确定临界乳化液的形成和输送特征。研究计划包括以下任务：(1)与机构和研究人员进行协调和沟通，交换数据和信息；(2)海湾地区现场数据分析；(3)南佛罗里达海岸和海洋环境的实地数据和评估；(4)数据分析，确定乳化液的关键行为参数；(5)亚热带环境乳化液行为和持续特征的宏观尺度评价。该研究的广泛影响将包括通过美国土木工程师学会（ASCE）灾害风险管理委员会（CDRM）外联委员会的努力传播研究结果，全面开发溢油风险和乳化液形成的信息模块，开发乳化液行为课程模块，并发表期刊论文。

Abstract Proposal Title: RAPID: Formation, Persistence and Mobility of Oil Emulsions after Major Spills at SeaPrincipal Investigator: Berrin TanselInstitution: Florida International University Proposal No: 1043467 Response to oil spills at sea involve containment of the floating oil (slick) with booms and surface removal. Initially the major fraction of the oil floats, hence, this method can be affective for containing small spills. Over time, waves and tidal action result in dispersion and emulsification of the oil slick (i.e., formation of stable small droplets). Emulsified oils can remain within the water column for extended periods of time and can move with the underwater currents. There are significant knowledge gaps relative to emulsification rates and patterns of large oils spills at sea (i.e., effects of weather conditions, waves, tides); partitioning profile of oil between slick and emulsion phases over time; persistence and mobility of dispersed oil droplets in water column; and transport characteristics of emulsified oils in relation to surface slick. Immediate short term research effort will focus on integrated analysis of data from satellite images of surface slick size and patterns, weather conditions (i.e., wind, temperature), and marine conditions (wave height from NOAA Bouy data). The data sets will be coupled with data from water samples collected at various locations over time to characterize persistence and mobility of emulsions. The research objectives are: (1) Investigate emulsification rates and patterns of large oils spills at sea (immediate short term); (2) Characterize persistence profile and mobility of emulsified oil at sea (short and long term); (3) Determine critical emulsion formation and transport characteristics based on field observations in South Florida marine and coastal waters and data in the Gulf coastal areas and marine environment. The research plan consists of the following tasks: (1) Coordination and communication with agencies and researchers to exchange data and information; (2) Field data analysis in the Gulf; (3) Field data and assessment in South Florida coastal and marine environment; (4) Analysis of data to determine critical emulsion behavior parameters; and (5) Macro scale assessment of emulsion behavior and persistence characteristics in subtropical environment. Broader impacts of the research will include dissemination of findings through the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Council of Disaster Risk Management (CDRM) Outreach Committee efforts thorough development of informative modules on oil spill risks and emulsion formation, development of a course module on emulsion behavior, and journal papers.