RAPID: Formation, Persistence and Mobility of Oil Emulsions after Major Spills at Sea

RAPID：海上重大泄漏后乳状液的形成、持久性和流动性

• 批准号: 1043467
• 负责人: Berrin Tansel
• 金额: $ 3.5万
• 依托单位: Florida International University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1043467&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Formation; Persistence; Mobility; Oil

Abstract Proposal Title: RAPID: Formation, Persistence and Mobility of Oil Emulsions after Major Spills at SeaPrincipal Investigator: Berrin TanselInstitution: Florida International University Proposal No: 1043467 Response to oil spills at sea involve containment of the floating oil (slick) with booms and surface removal. Initially the major fraction of the oil floats, hence, this method can be affective for containing small spills. Over time, waves and tidal action result in dispersion and emulsification of the oil slick (i.e., formation of stable small droplets). Emulsified oils can remain within the water column for extended periods of time and can move with the underwater currents. There are significant knowledge gaps relative to emulsification rates and patterns of large oils spills at sea (i.e., effects of weather conditions, waves, tides); partitioning profile of oil between slick and emulsion phases over time; persistence and mobility of dispersed oil droplets in water column; and transport characteristics of emulsified oils in relation to surface slick. Immediate short term research effort will focus on integrated analysis of data from satellite images of surface slick size and patterns, weather conditions (i.e., wind, temperature), and marine conditions (wave height from NOAA Bouy data). The data sets will be coupled with data from water samples collected at various locations over time to characterize persistence and mobility of emulsions. The research objectives are: (1) Investigate emulsification rates and patterns of large oils spills at sea (immediate short term); (2) Characterize persistence profile and mobility of emulsified oil at sea (short and long term); (3) Determine critical emulsion formation and transport characteristics based on field observations in South Florida marine and coastal waters and data in the Gulf coastal areas and marine environment. The research plan consists of the following tasks: (1) Coordination and communication with agencies and researchers to exchange data and information; (2) Field data analysis in the Gulf; (3) Field data and assessment in South Florida coastal and marine environment; (4) Analysis of data to determine critical emulsion behavior parameters; and (5) Macro scale assessment of emulsion behavior and persistence characteristics in subtropical environment. Broader impacts of the research will include dissemination of findings through the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Council of Disaster Risk Management (CDRM) Outreach Committee efforts thorough development of informative modules on oil spill risks and emulsion formation, development of a course module on emulsion behavior, and journal papers.

摘要提案标题：海上重大泄漏后石油乳状液的快速形成、持久性和流动性首席调查者：Berrin Tansel研究所：佛罗里达国际大学提案编号：1043467海上溢油的应对措施包括用围栏和表面清除来遏制浮油(浮油)。最初，大部分石油漂浮在水面上，因此，这种方法对于遏制少量泄漏是有效的。随着时间的推移，波浪和潮汐作用会导致浮油的分散和乳化(即形成稳定的小液滴)。乳化油可以在水柱中停留很长一段时间，并可以随着水下水流移动。在以下方面存在重大知识差距：乳化速率和海上大规模油类泄漏的模式(即天气条件、海浪、潮汐的影响)；油类随时间在浮油和乳状液相之间的分配情况；分散油滴在水柱中的持久性和流动性；乳化油类相对于水面浮油的输送特性。近期的短期研究工作将侧重于综合分析来自卫星图像的表面浮油大小和模式、天气条件(即风、温度)和海洋条件(来自NOAA Buy数据的波高)的数据。这些数据集将与随时间在不同地点收集的水样数据结合在一起，以表征乳状液的持久性和流动性。研究目标是：(1)调查海上大规模油类泄漏的乳化速率和模式(短期内)；(2)表征乳化油类在海上的持久性分布和流动性(短期和长期)；(3)根据在南佛罗里达州海洋和沿海水域的现场观察以及墨西哥湾沿岸地区和海洋环境的数据，确定关键的乳状液形成和运输特征。研究计划包括以下任务：(1)与机构和研究人员的协调和沟通，以交换数据和信息；(2)墨西哥湾现场数据分析；(3)南佛罗里达沿海和海洋环境的现场数据和评估；(4)数据分析，以确定关键的乳化液行为参数；以及(5)亚热带环境中乳化液行为和持久性特征的宏观尺度评估。这项研究的更广泛影响将包括通过美国土木工程师学会(ASCE)灾害风险管理理事会(CDRM)外联委员会努力传播研究结果，彻底开发关于漏油风险和乳化液形成的信息模块，开发关于乳化液行为的课程模块，以及期刊论文。