RAPID: Hydrocarbon Dissolution Fluxes from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Plume: GCxGC Chemical Analysis and Mass Transfer Modeling

RAPID：深水地平线油羽流中的碳氢化合物溶解通量：GCxGC 化学分析和传质建模

• 批准号: 1043976
• 负责人: Christopher Reddy
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-06-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1043976&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Hydrocarbon; Dissolution; Fluxes; Deepwater

Due to its depth under the sea surface, the Deepwater Horizon oil plume in the Gulf of Mexico represents a new category of oil spill and a scientific opportunity to study the behavior of hydrocarbons in the ocean. Conventional oil spill models are unlikely to predict accurately the magnitude of the dissolved hydrocarbon load to the water column from a rising oil plume. Hence, resulting environmental assessments may underestimate the extent of risks and damage to aquatic wildlife and ecological resources in the subsurface. With funding through this Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID), scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution will develop unprecedented estimates of hydrocarbon dissolution fluxes arising from the sea floor oil seep and upwelling oil plume emitting from the Deepwater Horizon wellhead. This effort will be the result of laboratory, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC), and modeling tools that are unsurpassed in their collective ability to address these questions. In addition, the Woods Hole investigators will collaborate with several other RAPID-funded research teams, who will be studying other aspects of the fate and behavior of the spill on samples collected at the same time. Broader Impacts: Results from this research will contribute broadly to an understanding of petroleum fate and carbon cycling in the Earth system. Knowledge gained from this research will also be translated directly to state and federal agencies involved in the damage assessment and restoration of the spill. The PI has and will continue to provide interviews to the press as well as inform other parties on the chemistry of this spill. The proposed work will provide the concepts, processes, and parameters necessary for existing industry oil spill models to be adapted to the unprecedented situation of a major oil release on the deep sea floor. The anticipated expansion of offshore drilling operations into deeper waters may lead inevitably to the risk of more spills in the future. The Deepwater Horizon incident provides an invaluable opportunity to assess properly the subsurface hydrocarbon content resulting from this type of oil release.

由于墨西哥湾深水地平线油柱位于海面以下的深度，它代表了一种新的石油泄漏类型，也为研究海洋中碳氢化合物的行为提供了科学机会。传统的溢油模型不太可能准确预测上升的油柱对水柱的溶解碳氢化合物负荷的大小。因此，由此产生的环境评估可能低估了对地下水生野生动物和生态资源的风险和破坏程度。在快速反应研究基金（Rapid）的资助下，伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的科学家们将对海底石油渗漏和深水地平线井口喷出的上涌油柱产生的碳氢化合物溶解通量进行前所未有的估计。这项工作将是实验室、综合二维气相色谱（GC×GC）和建模工具的结果，这些工具在解决这些问题的集体能力方面是无与伦比的。此外，伍兹霍尔的调查人员将与其他几个快速发展项目资助的研究小组合作，他们将研究泄漏对同时收集的样本的命运和行为的其他方面。更广泛的影响：这项研究的结果将广泛地有助于了解地球系统中的石油命运和碳循环。从这项研究中获得的知识也将直接转化为参与损害评估和泄漏恢复的州和联邦机构。私家侦探已经并将继续接受媒体采访，并向其他各方通报这次泄漏的化学情况。拟议的工作将为现有的工业溢油模型提供必要的概念、过程和参数，以适应深海海底重大石油泄漏的前所未有的情况。预计近海钻井作业将扩展到更深的水域，这可能不可避免地导致未来更多泄漏的风险。深水地平线事件提供了一个宝贵的机会来正确评估这种类型的石油释放所导致的地下碳氢化合物含量。