RAPID Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Insights into salt marsh food webs from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

智力优点：深水地平线漏油事件是一次意外事件，对沿海系统造成了重大干扰。我们对石油如何影响沿海湿地群落的理解并不完整。特别是，我们对石油如何影响节肢动物食物网、石油暴露与社区反应之间的剂量反应关系以及从暴露中的长期恢复知之甚少。此外，这种新型干扰的空间范围、严重程度和持续性将为沿海湿地的功能提供新的见解。潘宁斯的实验室已做好准备，研究这种新的干扰将如何影响沿海湿地群落。他的团队于 2009 年在墨西哥湾沿岸从德克萨斯州到佛罗里达州以及大西洋海岸从佛罗里达州到缅因州的 22 个沿海湿地进行了实验并进行了采样。该 RAPID 项目将在 2010 年和未来几年对相同地点和地块进行重新采样，以确定沿海食物网如何受到影响和恢复。 PI 将测试以下假设： a) 石油暴露将揭示草食性昆虫和蜗牛对盐沼植物有强烈的负面影响； b) 石油暴露将揭示节肢动物食物网中“短暂”成员的重要性； c) 石油暴露会与肥料和残骸处理相互作用，从而影响节肢动物食物网。由于其空间范围和持续影响，石油泄漏对沿海湿地造成了新的干扰。评估社区对这种干扰的反应将为食物网如何运作提供新的见解，从而更深入地了解这一关键系统。更广泛的影响：盐沼为人类提供各种关键的生态系统服务。该项目提供的新科学见解将有助于预测沿海湿地的未来状况，这些湿地受到海平面上升、富营养化和漏油等其他压力因素（包括美国历史上最大规模的漏油事件）的综合威胁。公众对沿海生态系统健康的兴趣非常浓厚，深水地平线漏油事件后，记者对彭宁斯进行了采访。该 RAPID 项目的结果将引起媒体的广泛关注。此外，该项目还将培训两名生态系统科学研究生和一名本科生。

Intellectual Merit:The Deepwater Horizon oil spill was an unexpected event that represents a major disturbance to coastal systems. Our understanding of how oil affects coastal wetland communities is incomplete. In particular, we know little about how oil affects the arthropod food web, about dose-response relationships between oil exposure and community response, and about long-term recovery from exposure. Moreover, the spatial extent, severity and persistence of this novel disturbance will provide new insights into how coastal wetlands function. Pennings' laboratory is well poised to examine how this novel disturbance will affect coastal wetland communities. His group has set up and sampled an experiment in 2009 at 22 coastal wetland sites ranging along the Gulf Coast from Texas to Florida and the Atlantic Coast from Florida to Maine. This RAPID project will re-sample the same sites and plots in 2010 and future years to determine how the coastal food web is affected and recovers. The PIs will test the hypotheses that: a) oil exposure will reveal that herbivorous insects and snails have strong negative effects on salt marsh plants; b) oil exposure will reveal the importance of 'transient' members of the arthropod food web; c) oil exposure will interact with fertilizer and wrack treatments to affect the arthropod food web. Because of its spatial extent and persistent effects, the oil spill represents a novel disturbance to coastal wetlands. Evaluating community responses to this disturbance will provide new insights into how the food web functions, leading to a deeper understanding of this critical system.Broader impacts:Salt marshes provide a variety of critical ecosystem services to humanity. New scientific insights provided by this project will help predict the future condition of coastal wetlands, which are threatened by a combination of sea level rise, eutrophication, and other stressors such as oil spills, including this largest spill in U.S. history. Public interest in the health of coastal ecosystems is intense, and has already led to interviews of Pennings by journalists following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The results of this RAPID project will be of considerable media interest. In addition, the project will train two graduate students and one undergraduate in ecosystems science.