Workshop on research prioritization and design concepts for a user facility for large-scale experiments on volcanic flows and other geohazards; 17-19 September, 2010 at Buffalo NY

最不了解和最危险的火山过程涉及复杂的多相流。这些流动本质上涉及广泛的特征长度和时间尺度，以及跨尺度耦合的过程。从活跃的火山流收集数据受到事件的不可预测性及其产生的危险条件的极大限制；即使可以进行测量，流动的边界条件也受到很差的约束，这限制了可以获得的物理洞察力。虽然模拟实验提供了许多关于流动的见解，但多相火山过程的一个根本困难是，它们不能严格地缩放到台面上。数值模拟受到以下因素的限制：难以捕捉自然过程的所有适当尺度，和/或难以开发捕捉尺度以用于模型验证的数据集。拟议的讲习班的目标是为一个新的国际用户设施制定研究优先事项和初步设计概念，以便对火山和其他地质灾害过程进行大规模实验。这项工作建立在最近关于火山爆发的重点讲习班(亚利桑那州普雷斯科特，2007年和法国克莱蒙特-费朗，2009年)成果的基础上，这些讲习班将大规模实验确定为未来研究的一个关键方向。讲习班将涉及高级和早期职业研究人员以及研究生和博士后研究人员，并将产生一份报告，其中包括该设施的发展路线图。纽约布法罗附近的土地和基础设施已经可用，布法罗大学正在那里投入大量资金进行极端事件的创新研究，其中包括自然灾害。这一努力的更广泛影响的一个直接例子将是开发一种设施，该设施能够在今后许多年里为我们对火山和地质灾害过程的理解提供重大的变革性进展。来自不同文化和科学背景的学生和早期职业研究人员将参与定义该设施，并将有机会与来自世界各地的高级研究人员合作。一个间接但可能非常有力的更广泛影响的例子是，该设施可能会以一种全新的方式帮助形成和整合火山学和地质灾害研究，摆脱主要由个人研究人员和具有独立或综合能力较差的优先事项的小研究小组组成的模式。

The least understood and most hazardous volcanic processes involve complex, multiphase flows. These flows inherently involve a wide range of characteristic length and time scales, and processes that are coupled across scales. Data collection from active volcanic flows is greatly limited by the unpredictability of the events and the dangerous conditions they produce; and, even if measurements can be made, the boundary conditions of the flows are poorly constrained and this limits the physics insight that can be gained. While analog experiments provide many insights into the flows, a fundamental difficulty with multiphase volcanic processes is that they cannot be strictly scaled to the bench top. Numerical modeling is limited by the difficulty in capturing all of the appropriate scales of natural processes and/or the difficulty in developing data sets that capture the scales for model validation. The proposed workshop has the goal of developing research priorities and initial design concepts for a new international user facility for large-scale experimentation on volcano and other geohazard processes. This effort builds upon the results of recent focused workshops on explosive volcanism (Prescott, Arizona, 2007; and Clermont-Ferrand, France, 2009), which identified large-scale experiments as a key direction in future research. The workshop will involve a mix of senior and early career researchers as well as graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, and will result in a report with a roadmap for the development of the facility. Land and basic infrastructure is already available near Buffalo, New York, where the University at Buffalo is investing substantially into innovative research in extreme events, which includes natural hazards.Broader impacts. A direct example of the broader impacts of this effort will be the development of a facility that can provide major transformative advances in our understanding of volcanic and geohazard processes for many years into the future. Students and early career researchers from many cultures and scientific backgrounds will be involved in defining the facility and will have an opportunity to collaborate with senior researchers from around the world in the effort. An indirect, but potentially very powerful example of broader impact is the possibility that the facility will help to nucleate and integrate volcanology and geohazard research in a completely new way that moves away from a model that consists mainly of individual researchers and small research groups with independent or poorly integrated priorities.