RAPID: Chemical Analysis of Atmosphere Associated with Gulf Oil Spill

RAPID：与海湾漏油事件相关的大气化学分析

• 批准号: 1049952
• 负责人: Donald Blake
• 金额: $ 9.28万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1049952&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Chemical; Analysis; Atmosphere; Associated

In response to the unprecedented anthropogenic disaster following the deep ocean BP oil spill, which was initiated by an explosion at the Deep Water Horizon oil rig on April 20, 2010 the University of California, Irvine rapidly initiated whole air canister sampling on several platforms of opportunity. They employed their well established and flexible technique of whole air sampling followed by high sensitivity gas chromatographic analysis including straight-chain saturated hydrocarbons from C-1 (methane) to C-12 (dodecane) and aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, as well as and higher molecular weight species, with special attention to the presence of toxic contributors. Where possible, atmospheric chemical species associated with dispersal agents such as Corexit were determined as well. A variety of "platforms of opportunity" were identified. These were the 65 ft vessel "R/V Eugenie" from the deck of which 96 whole air samples were collected between May 20 and May 23. The initial results were so informative that 48 sampling canisters were sent to the R/V Pelican and 96 to the NOAA ship Thomas Jefferson. In addition 120 samples were collected from a Twin Otter aircraft.This RAPID study is one of three that makes up the bulk of a coordinated response to examine trace gas emissions from the oil leak. The second used methane data (AGS-1048798, RAPID: Spatially Enhanced Broadband Array Spectrograph System (SEBASS) Survey Over the Gulf Oil Spill) collected from the same Twin Otter aircraft to map methane plumes and the third RAPID (AGS-1042894, RAPID: Fossil-Fuel Extraction Industry Methane Emission Ground Reference Measurements during the AVIRIS Response to the Gulf Oil Spill) used the remote sensing platform AVIRIS on the NASA ER-2 aircraft to measure methane remotely and on a larger spatial scale. The ER-2 flight plan was coordinated to overlap with the Twin Otter flight plan. From whole air samples and remote sensing, a rough estimate of methane plume size from the oil spill will be realized.

2010年4月20日，深水地平线石油钻井平台发生爆炸，引发了深海BP石油泄漏事件，为应对这一前所未有的人为灾难，加州大学欧文分校迅速在几个平台上启动了全空气罐采样。他们采用了其成熟和灵活的技术，即对整个空气进行采样，然后进行高灵敏度气相色谱分析，包括从C-1（甲烷）到C-12（十二烷）的直链饱和碳氢化合物和苯、甲苯等芳烃以及更高分子量的物质，并特别注意有毒成分的存在。在可能的情况下，还确定了与扩散剂（如Coretamine）有关的大气化学物种。确定了各种“机会平台”。 这些样本是六十五呎长的“欧也妮号”，在五月二十日至二十三日期间，从甲板上收集了九十六个空气样本。 最初的结果是如此翔实，48个采样罐被送往R/V派力肯和96个国家海洋和大气管理局的船舶托马斯杰斐逊。 此外，还从一架双水獭飞机上收集了120个样本。这项快速研究是三项协调反应的主要内容之一，以检查漏油造成的痕量气体排放。第二个使用甲烷数据（AGS-1048798，RAPID：空间增强宽带阵列光谱仪系统（SEBASS）对海湾溢油的调查），从同一架Twin Otter飞机上收集，以绘制甲烷羽流，（AGS-1042894，快速：在AVIRIS对海湾石油泄漏的反应期间，化石燃料开采工业甲烷排放地面参考测量利用美国航天局ER-2飞机上的AVIRIS遥感平台，在更大的空间尺度上对甲烷进行远程测量。 ER-2的飞行计划与Twin Otter的飞行计划相重叠。根据整个空气样本和遥感，将实现对石油泄漏产生的甲烷羽流大小的粗略估计。