RAPID: Examining the relation between trace gas emissions and seismic activity of the 2019 Searles Valley Earthquake

该项目的重点是测量与地震活动有关的痕量气体排放，这些活动来自开放的气体迁移通道和地球内部深层地下来源的存在。 地震活动可以产生广泛的烃类渗漏沿着断层，因为所产生的运动产生或重新打开迁移路径。 将在死亡谷、帕纳明特谷、西尔斯谷和玫瑰谷进行二氧化碳（CO2）和二氧化硫（SO2）的测量，沿着其他痕量气体和相关大气数据的测量，7月5日发生的西尔斯谷地震的余震发生在这些地方，2019年将导致这些气体的排放量增加。将使用AMOG进行痕量气体测量（AutoMObile trace Gas）Surveyor是一个移动的大气化学、太阳光谱学和气象学实验室，可以在高速公路上收集数据，并使用实时数据集成和可视化来实现自适应测量，在梯度强的地方减速，并收集有针对性的大气样本。通过本研究将解决的假设是：（1）最近的M7.1 Searles Valley地震打开了天然气运移通道，导致沿沿着活化断层的微量地气排放增加。这些排放量在强烈和频繁的余震期间将保持升高，之后随时间减少（2）经过一段时间（数月），排放量将恢复到准基线。(3)发射源位置对应于断层损害的表面表现（可能从震源移位）。(4)在热红外遥感数据中可检测到的断层损害区域存在地质流体流动（气体排放）。(5)其来源为火山岩。 本研究收集的排放数据可能对附近的公园和城市土地的空气质量产生影响。由于地震后迫切需要尽快测量痕量气体排放，因此本项目得到快速反应研究赠款计划的支持（发生在7月5日，2019年度）该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得支持的，使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。

This project is focused on making measurements of trace gas emissions related to seismic activity from open gas migration pathways and the presence of deep subsurface sources within the Earth. Seismic activity can create extensive hydrocarbon seepage along faults, as the resultant motion creates or re-opens migration pathways. Measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) will be made, along with measurements of other trace gases and related atmospheric data, in Death Valley, Panamint Valley, Searles Valley, and Rose Valley where aftershocks from the Searles Valley earthquake that occurred on July 5, 2019 are leading to elevated emissions of these gases.Trace gas measurements will be made using the AMOG (AutoMObile trace Gas) Surveyor, a mobile atmospheric chemistry, solar spectroscopy, and meteorology lab in a vehicle that collects data at up to highway speed and uses real-time data integration and visualization to enable adaptive surveying, slowing where gradients are strong, and collecting targeted atmospheric samples. The hypotheses that will be addressed through this research are: (1) The recent M7.1 Searles Valley earthquake opened gas migration pathways that led to increased trace geo-gas emissions along activated faults. These emissions will remain elevated during the period of intense and frequent aftershocks, decreasing with time afterwards (2) After a period of time (months), emissions will return to quasi-baseline. (3) Emission source locations correspond to surface expressions of fault damage (that may be displaced from seismic sources). (4) There are thermal signature at areas of fault damage where there is geofluid flows (gas emission) that are detectable in thermal infrared remote sensing data. (5) The source is volcanic in origin. The emission data collected in this research may have air quality implications for nearby parks and urban lands.This project is supported through the Grants for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) program because of the urgent need to measure trace gas emissions as soon as possible after the earthquake (that occurred on July 5, 2019) and during the aftershock period before sources deplete.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.