LiT: Microbial control on soil C and N cycling during forest recovery: Linking ecosystem processes with microbial function

LiT：森林恢复过程中微生物对土壤碳氮循环的控制：将生态系统过程与微生物功能联系起来

• 批准号: 1050742
• 负责人: Erika Marin-Spiotta
• 金额: $ 13.5万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1050742&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LiT; Microbial; control; soil; cycling

Microorganisms in soils regulate important terrestrial ecosystem processes, such as plant productivity, nutrient availability, soil carbon sequestration, and greenhouse gas production. Much research has focused on global change impacts on plant diversity and nutrient cycling, with less attention on the bacteria and fungi that drive many ecological and biogeochemical processes. Linking soil microbial community composition with function, and understanding their response to changes in land use and land cover is important for sustaining ecosystem productivity and for predicting the impact of future disturbances. This research will combine novel genomic technologies, biomarker analyses, and measurements of microbial activity to identify relationships between soil microbial functional diversity and activity and soil organic matter cycling. The investigators will conduct this research in a well-replicated series of secondary forest sites of different ages growing on former pastures in Puerto Rico. Changes in soil carbon, forest structure, biomass, and tree species composition have already been described. This research will focus on the role of soil microbial communities in carbon cycling and their response to ecosystem recovery. Advances in genomics are increasing our knowledge about the vast diversity of microorganisms in soils at a very fast pace, but more work is needed to link microorganism identity with ecological processes. The emergence of carbon trading markets and payments for ecosystem services has focused global attention on forest carbon sequestration. However, the soil carbon pool is still unable to be predicted. This pool, which can be twice as large as that in aboveground plant biomass, will respond to changes in vegetation. A better understanding of how microbial functional diversity changes during forest recovery, and how this affects organic matter retention or loss from soils, can improve efforts to maintain ecosystem productivity and restore soil fertility to degraded sites. Findings from this research will be incorporated into existing courses on biogeography, biogeochemistry, and microbial ecology. The investigators are actively engaged in education and mentoring activities at the University of Wisconsin, and in external programs for increasing the participation of underrepresented minorities, including women, in the environmental sciences. Presentations in English and Spanish will be developed on tropical ecology, microbiology, and global change for local schools with diverse student bodies in Wisconsin and in Puerto Rico.

土壤中的微生物调节重要的陆地生态系统过程，例如植物生产力，养分可用性，土壤碳固换和温室气体的产生。许多研究集中在全球变化对植物多样性和营养循环的影响，对细菌和真菌的关注较少，这些细菌和真菌推动了许多生态和生物地球化学过程。将土壤微生物社区组成与功能联系起来，了解它们对土地使用和土地覆盖变化的反应对于维持生态系统生产力和预测未来干扰的影响至关重要。这项研究将结合新颖的基因组技术，生物标志物分析和微生物活性的测量，以确定土壤微生物功能多样性与活性与土壤有机物循环之间的关系。研究人员将在一系列良好的二级森林遗址中进行这项研究，这些森林地点在波多黎各以前的牧场上种植了不同年龄的二级森林地点。已经描述了土壤碳，森林结构，生物量和树种成分的变化。这项研究将集中于土壤微生物群落在碳循环中的作用及其对生态系统恢复的反应。基因组学的进步正在提高我们对土壤中广泛的微生物的了解，但需要更多的工作来将微生物身份与生态过程联系起来。生态系统服务的碳贸易市场和支付的出现使全球关注森林碳封存。但是，仍然无法预测土壤碳池。该池的大小可能是地上植物生物量的两倍，将对植被的变化做出反应。更好地了解微生物功能多样性如何在森林恢复过程中如何变化，以及这如何影响有机物的保留或土壤损失，可以改善维持生态系统生产率并恢复土壤生育能力的努力。这项研究的发现将纳入有关生物地理，生物地球化学和微生物生态学的现有课程中。研究人员正在威斯康星大学积极从事教育和指导活动，并从事外部计划，以增加包括妇女在内的不足少数民族参与环境科学的参与。英语和西班牙语的演讲将针对威斯康星州和波多黎各的当地学校的热带生态学，微生物学和全球变化开发。