Patterning the Female Gametophyte of Arabidopsis

雌配子体是植物繁殖和种子生产的中心。雌配子体(也称为胚囊)位于花的雌蕊内，含有两个雌配子，即卵细胞和中央细胞。在雄配子体(花粉)的精细胞受精后，两个雌配子形成胚胎和富含淀粉的胚乳，构成种子。该项目旨在了解控制雌配子体如何形成模式的分子机制，即它如何从单个单倍体细胞发育成包含两个雌配子的七个细胞生殖单位。该实验室以前的工作表明，这种机制涉及一种不寻常的植物激素生长素的梯度，生长素是由配子体产生的。这个项目将研究生长素的梯度是如何产生和维持的，它是如何导致配子体中正确的细胞被指定的，以及生长素的水平如何被操纵来制造更多的卵细胞。使用的方法将涉及遗传学、分子生物学和细胞生物学。这项研究将在模式植物拟南芥中进行，但预计在所有开花植物中都会发现同样的机制。这项研究所获得的知识可以应用于农作物，并将对农业中的繁殖和种子生产的控制具有重要意义。该项目还将为本科生、研究生和博士后参与者提供培训。

The female gametophyte is central to plant reproduction and to seed production. Located inside the pistil of the flower, the female gametophyte (also known as the embryo sac) contains two female gametes, the egg cell and central cell. After fertilization by the sperm cells of the male gametophyte (pollen), the two female gametes give rise to the embryo and starch-rich endosperm that constitute the seed. The project aims to understand the molecular mechanisms that control how the female gametophyte is patterned, i.e. how it develops from a single haploid cell to form a functional seven cell reproductive unit containing the two female gametes. Previous work from this laboratory showed that this mechanism involves an unusual gradient of a plant hormone, auxin, which is produced by the gametophyte. This project will investigate how the gradient of auxin is generated and maintained, and how it leads to the correct cells being specified within the gametophyte, and how the levels of auxin can be manipulated to make additional egg cells. The approaches used will involve genetics, molecular and cell biology. The research will be carried out in the model plant Arabidopsis, but the same mechanisms are expected to be found in all flowering plants. The knowledge gained from this research can be applied to crop plants and will be important for the control of reproduction and seed production in agriculture. The project will also provide training for participants at the undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral levels.