Patterning the Female Gametophyte of Arabidopsis

拟南芥雌配子体的模式化

• 批准号: 1051951
• 负责人: Venkatesan Sundaresan
• 金额: $ 49万
• 依托单位: University of California-Davis
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-02-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1051951&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Patterning; Female; Gametophyte; Arabidopsis

The female gametophyte is central to plant reproduction and to seed production. Located inside the pistil of the flower, the female gametophyte (also known as the embryo sac) contains two female gametes, the egg cell and central cell. After fertilization by the sperm cells of the male gametophyte (pollen), the two female gametes give rise to the embryo and starch-rich endosperm that constitute the seed. The project aims to understand the molecular mechanisms that control how the female gametophyte is patterned, i.e. how it develops from a single haploid cell to form a functional seven cell reproductive unit containing the two female gametes. Previous work from this laboratory showed that this mechanism involves an unusual gradient of a plant hormone, auxin, which is produced by the gametophyte. This project will investigate how the gradient of auxin is generated and maintained, and how it leads to the correct cells being specified within the gametophyte, and how the levels of auxin can be manipulated to make additional egg cells. The approaches used will involve genetics, molecular and cell biology. The research will be carried out in the model plant Arabidopsis, but the same mechanisms are expected to be found in all flowering plants. The knowledge gained from this research can be applied to crop plants and will be important for the control of reproduction and seed production in agriculture. The project will also provide training for participants at the undergraduate, graduate and postdoctoral levels.

雌配子体是植物繁殖和种子生产的核心。 位于雌蕊内的雌配子体（也称为胚囊）包含两个雌配子，卵细胞和中央细胞。 雄配子体的精细胞（花粉）受精后，两个雌配子产生胚和富含淀粉的胚乳，构成种子。 该项目旨在了解控制雌配子体如何形成的分子机制，即它如何从单个单倍体细胞发育成包含两个雌配子的功能性七细胞生殖单位。 这个实验室以前的工作表明，这种机制涉及一种不寻常的植物激素梯度，生长素，它是由配子体产生的。 该项目将研究生长素的梯度是如何产生和维持的，以及它如何导致配子体中指定的正确细胞，以及如何操纵生长素的水平来制造额外的卵细胞。 所采用的方法将涉及遗传学、分子和细胞生物学。 这项研究将在模式植物拟南芥中进行，但预计在所有开花植物中都会发现相同的机制。 从这项研究中获得的知识可以应用于作物，并将在农业繁殖和种子生产的控制是重要的。 该项目还将为本科生、研究生和博士后一级的参与者提供培训。